臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在此篇論文中，吾人考慮了以非正交多重接取技術結合感知無線電，讓沒有頻譜認
證的次要使用者可以利用主要使用者上行的時間進行傳輸，並且使用非正交接取技術有
效提升頻譜效益。
為了最佳化次要使用者下行鏈路的發射功率分配與波束成形，吾人考慮兩種設計：
極小化極大化決策找尋用戶傳輸率以及和均方誤差決策得到最大化總傳輸率。在找尋用
戶傳輸率吾人提出迫零的預編碼設計，次要使用者在下行時透過迫零波束成形解決用戶
間干擾問題並求得所能獲取的最小能量來觀測用戶的傳輸率，由於此最佳化問題並非凸
函數，所以利用半正定放寬技術(SDR)來解決問題，但此問題為複雜的共同最佳問題
(Jointly optimal)因此將問題分為兩步驟迭代法降低複雜度；第二種方法則是和均方誤差
準則在滿足對主要使用者不造成干擾且滿足次要使用者所要求最小服務品質(QoS)來觀
測系統總傳輸率，因為此最佳問題也非凸函數，因此也引入半正定放寬技術來解決問題。
同時也進行反證法驗證此和均方誤差決策與初始設計總傳輸率結果相同。
索

In this thesis, we investigate a hierarchical Non-orthogonal multiple access cellular system
simultaneously shares the macrocell uplink spectrum with the microcell secondary user who is
unlicensed. We also attempt the NOMA which is expected to improve the system capacity of
wireless communication systems.
We jointly design the allocated power and the beamforming weights for each downlink
microcell user to maximize the capacity of the hierarchical NOMA cellular system. We consider
two methods: (1) Using minimax decision theory to find the user rate. (2) Using the sum-MSE
decision theory to find the sum rate. When we seek out user rate through Zero-forcing precoding
to eliminate the interference from the other beam users and find the optimal power allocation.
This problem is non-convex so we convert the aforementioned ZF user rate maximization
problem into a convex semi-definite relaxation (SDR) techniques. Because this problem is a
joint design non convex problem, it is difficult to jointly find the optimal solutions of power
allocation and beamforming design. We divide the problem into two steps to alternatively find
the optimal solutions.
Second method is using sum-MSE to seek the maximization sum rate of the system, while
satisfying the constraints of the interference power to the primary user, the required SINR for
secondary users, and the SIC requirement for the user in the same beam. This problem is also the non-convex problem so we solved it by SDR approach. And then we proof that sum-MSE
method sum rate is equal to the initial designing sum rate problem.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
符號說明 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2文獻探討 4
第二章 系統模型介紹 7
2.1 感知無線電(Cognitive Radio) 7
2.2非正交多重接取系統結合多天線波束介紹 9
2.3連續干擾消除技術介紹 10
第三章 系統架構與最佳化設計 12
3.1 系統模型 13
3.2 功率分配及波束成形權重設計 14
第四章 基於迫零準則之波束成形與功率控制演算法 16
4.1迫零波束成型 17
第五章 基於均方誤差準則之波束成形與功率控制演算法 22
5.1 等效和均方誤差演算法 23
5.2和均方誤差演算法等效總傳輸率最大化問題 28
第六章 模擬結果 29
6.1總傳輸功率與用戶間功率配置關係 30
6.2 同一群組間用戶公平性 31
6.3 迫零波束成型之極小化極大化決策用戶傳輸功率 32
6.4 迫零波束成型線性方程解 33
6.4 總和傳輸率 35
第七章 結論 37
附錄 38
附錄A 等效和均方誤差決策配方過程 38
附錄B 等效和均方誤差決策反證 40
參考文獻 45

[1] Joseph Mitola III and Gerald Q. Maguire, Jr. Royal Institute of Technology “Cognitive Radio: Making Software Radios More Personal,” Proc IEEE Pers. Commun. Aug 1999 .
[2] N. Devroye, M. Vu, and V. Tarokh, “Cognitive radio networks,” Proc IEEE Trans. Signal Process. Mag., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 12–23, Nov. 2008.
[3] Federico Boccardi, Vodafone ,Robert W. Heath Jr., University of Texas at Austin,Angel Lozano, Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Thomas L. Marzetta, Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent,Petar Popovski, Aalborg University“Five Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G,” Proc IEEE Communications Mag., Vol: 52 , Issue: 2 , February 2014.
[4] Chih-Lin I, Corbett Rowell, Shuangfeng Han, Zhikun Xu, Gang Li, Zhengang Pan, “Toward green and soft: a 5G perspective,” Proc IEEE Communications Mag., Volume: 52, Issue: 2, February 2014.
[5] Mamta Agiwal, Abhishek Roy, and Navrati Saxena, “Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey,” Proc Commun. Surveys Tuts, Volume: 18 , Issue: 3 , thirdquarter 2016.
[6] Wonil Roh, Ji-Yun Seol, JeongHo Park, Byunghwan Lee, Jaekon Lee, Yungsoo Kim, Jaeweon Cho, and Kyungwhoon Cheun, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Farshid Aryanfar, Samsung Research America , "Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results," Proc IEEE Communications Mag., Volume: 52 , Issue: 2 , February 2014.
[7] Yuya Saito , Yoshihisa Kishiyama , Anass Benjebbour , Takehiro Nakamura , Anxin Li , Kenichi Higuchi, “Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for Cellular Future Radio Access ” Proc IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., June 2013
[8] Fang Fang , Haijun Zhang , Julian Cheng , Victor C.M. Leung, “Energy efficiency of resource scheduling for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) wireless network,” Proc 2016 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, July 2016
[9] Qi Zhang, Member, IEEE, Quanzhong Li, and Jiayin Qin “Robust Beamforming for Nonorthogonal Multiple-AccessSystems in MISO Channels,”, Proc IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, Volume: 65 , Issue: 12 , Dec. 2016
[10] S. Haykin, “Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications,” Proc IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201–220,Feb. 2005
[11] S. Srinivasa and S. A. Jafar, “Cognitive radios for dynamic spectrum access the throughput potential of cognitive radio: a theoretical perspective,” Proc IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 73–79, May 2007.
[12] Meng-Lin Ku , Li-Chun Wang , Yu T. Su “Toward Optimal Multiuser Antenna Beamforming for Hierarchical Cognitive Radio Systems” Proc IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol60, Issue: 10, October 2012.
[13] G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, “On limits of wireless communication in a fading environment when using multiple antennas,” Proc IEEE Pers. Commun., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 311–335, Mar. 1998.
[14] F. Rashid-Farrokhi, L. Tassiulas, and K. J. Ray Liu, “Joint optimal power control and beamforming in wireless networks using antenna arrays,” Proc IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1313–1324, Oct. 1998.
[15] Meng-Lin Ku, Li-Chun Wang and Yu-Lung Liu “Joint Antenna Beamforming, Multiuser Scheduling, and Power Allocation for Hierarchical Cellular Systems” Proc IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. vol 33, Issue: 5,pp. 896 -909 May 2015.
[16] F. Rashid-Farrokhi, K. J. R. Liu, and L. Tassiulas, “Transmit beamforming and power control for cellular wireless systems,” Proc IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1437–1450, Oct. 1998.
[17] U. Phuyal, A. Punchihewa, V. K. Bhargava, and C. Despins, “Power loading for multicarrier cognitive radio with MIMO antennas,” Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun., pp. 1–5. 2009
[18] N. Docomo, Requirements, Candidate “Solutions and Technology Roadmap for LTE Rel-12 Onward, document ”Proc. RWS-120010, 3GPP, Jun. 2012.
[19] Y. Saito, Y. Kishiyama, A. Benjebbour, T. Nakamura, A. Li, and K. Higuchi, “Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access ”Proc. IEEE VTC, pp. 1-5, Jun. 2013.
[20] M. S. Ali, H. Tabassum, and E. Hossain, “Dynamic user clustering and power allocation for uplink and downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems,” Proc.IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 63256343, Aug. 2016.
[21] Ling long Dai, Bichai Wang, Yifei Yuan, Shuangfeng Han, Chih-Lin I, and Zhaocheng Wang. “Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G: Solutions, Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Trends,” Proc IEEE Commun Mag., Vol: 53, Issue: 9,pp 74 – 81,September 2015.
[22] Yan Sun, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Zhiguo Ding, Robert Schober, “Optimal Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for MC-NOMA Systems”, Proc IEEE Global Commun Conference (GLOBECOM) 2016
[23] Beomju Kimy ,Sungmook Lim ,Hyungjong Kim ,Sangwook Suh ,Jonghyung Kwun ,Sooyong Choi ,Chungyong Lee ,Sanghoon Lee ,Daesik Hong“ Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in a Downlink Multiuser Beamforming System” , Proc MILCOM 2013 - 2013 IEEE Military Commun Conference, Nov. 2013.
[24] Shipon Ali ,Ekram Hossain , Dong In Kim“ Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for Downlink Multiuser MIMO Systems: User Clustering, Beamforming, and Power Allocation, ” , Proc IEEE Access Vol 5 Dec 2016
[25] Junlin Zhao, , David Gomez-Barquero ,Osvaldo Simeone,Deniz Gunduz, “ Non-Orthogonal Unicast and Broadcast Transmission via Joint Beamforming and LDM in Cellular Networks, ”,Proc 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp.4-8 Dec. 2016.
[26] G. Ganesan and Ye Li, “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio,part I: two user networks,” Proc IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 6, no.6, pp. 2204–2213, June 2007.
[27] W. Zhang, R. K. Mallik, and K. Ben Letaief, “Cooperative spectrum sensing optimization in cognitive radio networks,” Proc. 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 3411–3415.
[28] T-H. Chang, W-K. Ma, and C-Y. Chi, “Worst-case robust multiuser transmit beamforming using semi-definite relaxation: Duality and implications,” Proc. Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst. Comput., Nov. 2011,pp. 1–5.
[29] T-H. Chang, Z.-Q. Luo, and C.-Y. Chi, “Approximation bounds for semidefinite relaxation of max-min-fair multicast transmit beamforming problem,” Proc IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 3932–3943,Aug. 2008.
[30] Keshav Singh, Meng-Lin Ku, Jia-Chin Lin, Tharmalingam Ratnarajah“Toward Optimal Power Control and Transfer for Energy Harvesting Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks” Proc IEEE Trans. on Wireless Commun, Volume: 17 , Issue: 8, Aug. 2018
[31] Q. Shi, M. Razaviyayn, Z. Q. Luo and C. He, “An iteratively weighted MMSE approach to distributed sum-utility maximization for a MIMO interfering broadcast channel,” Proc IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 4331-4340,Sep. 2011.