臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

羅氏沼蝦(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是目前世界上養殖最高量的三大蝦種之一，但在蝦苗培育上仍須改善環境和加強管理，使其達到穩定產量。本研究擬探討養殖密度、換水率及添加光合菌和藻水對於羅氏沼蝦的成長、活存及水質因子之影響，以決定其最適養殖條件。本實驗所使用之光合菌株，經16SrDNA序列分析比對結果確認為Rhodobium sp.。首先以不同濃度光合菌進行羅氏沼蝦稚蝦存活率之影響實驗，設定之條件分別為不添加藻水(Chlorella sp.)及光合菌組為控制組、實驗組為藻水加入光合菌濃度為0 cells/mL、103cells/mL、104cells/mL 、105 cells/mL、106cells/mL及107cells/mL；其次在不同稚蝦養殖密度對於羅氏沼蝦存活率之影響，實驗養殖密度分別為7 隻/L、10 隻/L、13 隻/L及16 隻/L，養殖密度0 隻/L為控制組；再以不同養殖方式對於羅氏沼蝦存活率及水質因子之影響進行實驗，在光合菌濃度為105cells/mL之條件下，以換水組、不換水組和再添加光合菌組三種方式進行實驗，水質因子探討包括NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3 －N和PO4-P。結果顯示，存活率在不添加藻水及光合菌組和光合菌濃度為104 cells/mL以上處理組有顯著差異(p＜0.05)，成長率在光合菌濃度為103cells/mL這組有顯著差異(p＜0.05)，養殖期間之水質因子變化(NH3-N、NO2-N、NO3-N、PO4-P)之統計分析無顯著差異(p＞0.05)；存活率在密度為7隻/L有顯著差異(p＜0.05)，成長率無顯著差異(p＞0.05)，養殖期間水質因子變化之統計分析發現NH3-N、PO4-P在養殖密度為16隻/L時有顯著差異(p＜0.05)， NO3 －N在養殖密度為13隻/L和16 隻/L時有顯著差異(p＜0.05)，NO2 －N則無顯著差異(p＞0.05)；在光合菌濃度為105cells/mL之條件下，實驗結果亦顯示，存活率在不換水組與換水組沒有顯著差異(p＞0.05)，成長率無顯著差異(p＞0.05)，養殖期間之水質因子變化NH3-N在各組實驗皆無顯著差異(p＞0.05)，PO4-P和NO3 －N在換水組有顯著差異(p＜0.05)，NO2 －N則在不換水組有顯著差異(p＜0.05)。綜合分析結果顯示，飼養最佳光合菌濃度介於104cells/mL至107cells/mL之間；稚蝦養殖密度則介於7隻/L，在添加光合菌之條件下封閉式養殖之水質仍能保持穩定。

Macrobrachium rosenbergiis the world's breeding the highest amount of one of three prawns, but still need to improve the environment in shrimp nurturing and strengthening the management. To determine the optimal condition for larval culture of this speices, the effects of stocking density, water exchange rate, photosynthetic bacteria and algal addition on growth, survival and water guality of juveniles were assessed. Photosynthetic strains used the 16SrDNA sequence analysis and results confirm for Rhodobium sp. First, the effects of the photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodobium sp.) at concentrations of 0, 103, 104, 105, 106and 107cells mL-1 on the M. rosenbergii juvenile survival rate is recorded using a control tank with unchanged water and lacking photosynthetic bacteria and algae. The effect on the juvenile freshwater prawn is then calculated with variables such as density of prawn present at 7, 10, 13 and 16 juveniles L-1 and variations of photosynthetic bacteria. 0 juveniles L-1 is control. The effect on the juvenile freshwater prawn is calculated with different treatments are zero-exchange ,change water and gain photosynthetic bacteria. The results indicate that Rhodobium sp. had significantly higher survival rates in tanks with concentrations the other groups than those in the 0 and 103 cells mL-1 tanks (p＜0.05); the growth rates in the103 cells mL-1 tanks had significant (p＜0.05). The seven groups in NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3 -N, PO4-P had no significant differences (p＞0.05). The 7 juveniles L-1 also had significantly higher survival rates in the tanks with 13 and 16 juveniles L-1 tanks (p＜0.05); the growth rates had no significant differences (p＞0.05). The water quality present in the 0 tanks had lower levels of NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3 –N and PO4-P (p＜0.05). The survival rates in the zero-exchange and change water were not significant (p＞0.05); the growth rates in the treatments had no significant differences (p＞0.05). The water quality present in the NH3-N had no significant differences (p＞0.05); PO4-P and NO3 －N in the change water had lower significant(p＜0.05)and NO2 －N in the zero-exchange had higher significant(p＜0.05). This report indicates that the tanks prosper best with a concentration of R. orientis at 104 ~ 107 cells mL-1and juvenile prawns densities of 7 juveniles L-1; zero water exchange in the tank with photosynthetic bacteria and algal can maintain a stable.

第一章 前言 1
1.1緒言 1
1.2養殖管理與再生性營養鹽 5
(1)氨氮 7
(2)亞硝酸鹽 8
(3)硝酸鹽 9
(4)磷酸鹽 9
1.3養殖密度與不換水飼養方法 9
1.4益生菌 11
1.5光合菌的重要性 13
1.6.藻水的重要性 14
1.7.研究動機與目的 15
第二章 材料與方法 17
2.1光合菌鑑種 17
2.1.1萃取與純化細菌基因體 DNA 17
2.1.2利用聚合酵素連鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)增幅16S rDNA…………………………………………………………………… 17
2.1.3.DNA電泳分析 18
2.1.4.凝膠內DNA之純化 19
2.1.5.DNA 序列分析 19
2.2實驗二 不同光合菌濃度對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 20
2.2.1 實驗物種 20
2.2.2藻水培養 20
2.2.3實驗設計 21
2.2.4實驗系統設計 21
2.3實驗三 不同養殖密度對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的存活率和成長率之影響 22
2.3.1實驗動物 23
2.3.2實驗設計 23
2.3.3實驗系統設計 23
2.4.實驗四 光合菌菌液添加和換水率對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率和存活率之影響 24
2.4.1實驗動物 24
2.4.2實驗設計 24
2.4.3實驗系統設計 25
2.5水質檢測方法 25
2.5.1水質監測 25
2.5.2水質檢測 26
2.6 統計分析 29
第三章 結果 31
3.1光合菌鑑種 31
3.2不同光合菌濃度對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 31
3.3不同養殖密度對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的存活率和成長率之影響 34
3.4光合菌菌液添加和換水率對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 36
第四章 討論 39
4.1不同光合菌濃度對羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 40
4.2不同養殖密度對於羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 41
4.3光合菌菌液添加和換水率對於羅氏沼蝦稚蝦的成長率及存活率之影響 43
第五章 結論 47
參考文獻 49
表 73
圖 76
附錄 99

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