臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自我認同長久以來一直是精神分析領域中高度關注的議題。十七世紀笛卡爾提出的"我思故我在"一說，強調"我"作為一個能夠主動並有意識作理性思考的個體。然而，笛卡爾關於人類主體與自我的說法卻被後來發展的精神分析理論所推翻。法國精神分析學家拉岡認為，人類的自我認同建構於語言之上，並且語言與人類的原初欲望有密不可分的交錯關係。英國當代小說家伊恩麥克尤恩的作品＜贖罪＞當中同樣關注並處理人類自我認同建構的問題，並藉由描述年輕女孩白昂尼的犯罪與其以寫作所建立的生命經驗來呈現自我認同形成的可能性。本文試用拉岡關於自我認同的理論，包含鏡像理論與三界理論以及欲望，來分析女主角白昂尼對於自我認同建構的嘗試；另外也試用兒童心理學家安娜佛洛伊德的防衛機制理論以及兒童發展學家大衛艾爾坎德的自我中心主義來討論白昂尼在成長過程中對於建構與尋找自我認同的努力。本論文藉由精神分析理論作為方法閱讀此文本，雖然小說名為＜贖罪＞，但其所呈現的卻是人類在建構自我認同時所遭遇的真實困境。

Self-identity has always been one of the most significant issue in the field of psychoanalysis. Rene Descartes (1596-1650)says "Cogito ergo sum" (I think therefore I am)which considers "I" as an individual who can think rationally and consciously. However, this concept is overwhelmed by the theory of psychoanalysis. Jacque Lacan (1901-1981)considers that subject is the product of language; he also addresses the concept of "desire" which dominates the subject in every level of its life. The issue of self-identity is also dealt with in Ian McEwan's Atonement (2001). The novel's plot seems to deal with the process of atonement, but in a deeper level, it actually presents the formation of the protagonist's self-identity and her self-fulfillment. This thesis attempts to analyze Atonement by applying Jacque Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, including his famous theory of "the mirror phase", "the three orders" (the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real) and his concept of "desire" to analyze the construction of the protagonist Briony's self-identity. Then, Anna Freud's theory "the mechanisms of defense" will be applied t analyze the teenaged Briony's acts in developing her identity. In addition, David Elkind's theory "adolescent egocentrism" will support the discussion of Briony's behavior as a young adolescent. Though the novel's title is "atonement", the content highly refers to the process of the construction of one's self-identity. Thus, the above theories will provide efficient accesses to examine the mental process of the protagonist and how she constructs her self-identity and fulfill herself.

Table of content

Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chinese Abstract

Chapter One Introduction.........................................1
Chapter Two Briony's Self-fulfillment: Lacanian Perspective.....15
1.Writing as a Mean to Search for Self-identity.....15
2.Lacan's Theory of the Formation of Self-identity..21
3.Briony's Construction of Self-identity............28
Chapter Three Formation of Briony's Identity....................34
1.Anna Freud's Defense Mechanism..................34
2.Sexual Awareness of Briony......................43
3.David Elkind's Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism.45
Chapter Four Briony's Desire and Self-identity..................51
1.Lacan's Theory of Desire.........................51
2.Desire is always the Desire of the Othe..........53
3.Briony's Anxiety of Authorship...................64
Chapter Five Conclusion.........................................68
Works Cited.....................................................75

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