臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

決策困難的現象普遍存在各個族群裡，特別是年輕成年人與高齡族群。過去許多研究都著重於對於原因的探究，缺乏一套改善困難情形之工具。本研究以此著眼，以年輕成年人的職涯決策及高齡族群的財務決策為例，觀察其決策困難情形。同時，本研究結合中位數排序法，修訂兩種得分函數，建立畢氏模糊指派法。最後，分別將兩種指派結果與受測者之直覺排序進行比較，觀察這兩種指派結果與實際直覺排序之相關性。
本研究之結果與過去文獻結果相符，證實在性別在決策困難方面存在顯著差異。女生的困難程度比男生高，較容易遭遇困難情形。在方法的部分，直覺排序與兩種得分函數的比較上，本研究發現隨著困難程度的提高，sg1與直覺排序之相關係數也跟著提高。整體而言，得分函數sg1比sg2與受測者直覺排序的相關係數來得高，顯示使用sg1得分函數的畢氏模糊指派法，比較符合受測者之真實排序。

The phenomenons of decision making difficulties are prevalent among lots of groups, especially young adults and elders. Many previous papers have focused on explorating the reasons, but lack of a tool for proving the situation of difficulties. In this study, we took the career decision making difficulties of young adults and the financial decision making difficulties of elders as the examples, combined the Median Ranking Method and revised two kinds of the score functions, and developed a new tool which named Pythagorean Fuzzy Assignment Method. Lastly, we compared the two kinds of assignment results with the intuitional rank giving from the subjects and observed the correlation between the results and the intuitional rank.
The results of this study are consistent with previous literatures and confirm that there are significant differences in gender. Girls have more difficult situations than boys and more likely to encounter difficult situations. In the part of reserch method, we find that the higher the degree of difficulty, the near the correlation coefficient between sg1 and intuitional rank.Overall, the correlation coefficient of score function sg1 is higher than the correlation coefficient of sg2. The experimental results show that Pythagorean Fuzzy Assignment Method by using score function sg1 is more likely to conform to the real intuitional rank of the subjects.

指導教授推薦書
口試委員審定書
致謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 6
第三節 研究範圍與限制 7
第四節 研究架構 8
第二章 文獻回顧 9
第一節 決策困難文獻回顧 9
第二節 職涯決策困難 12
第三節 高齡者決策困難 23
第三章 研究方法 29
第一節 模糊方法 29
第二節 得分函數與正確性函數 35
第三節 語意尺度轉換 43
第四節 指派法(Assignment Method) 46
第五節 畢氏模糊指派法 50
第四章 問卷設計 54
第一節 職涯決策困難量表(CDDQ-R) 54
第二節 高齡族群決策困難量表 63
第三節 量表之信度與效度 69
第四節 研究實施程序 71
第五章 實證分析 78
第一節 範例說明 78
第二節 方法結果分析 103
第六章 結論 118
第一節 研究結論 118
第二節 研究貢獻 119
第三節 未來研究建議 120
參考文獻 123
附錄1 生涯決定困難量表(CDDQ) 138
附錄2 高齡族群決策困難量表 148


圖目錄

圖1.1、研究架構 8
圖2.1、Gati et al.(1996) 提出職涯決策困難之分類法 15
圖3.1、PFN和IFN之空間比較 33


表目錄
表2.1、第一節文獻之彙總整理 11
表2.2、職業決策困難文獻彙總 21
表2.3、高齡族群決策困難文獻彙總 27

表3.1、方法代號彙整 43
表3.2、5點語意尺度與區間值畢氏模糊數之轉換 44
表3.3、7點語意尺度與一般畢氏模糊數之轉換 45

表4.1、職涯決策之評估準則 62
表4.2、財務決策之評估準則 68
表4.3、解說總變異量 70

表5.1、受測者填答情形-1 79
表5.2受測者填答情形-2 79
表5.3、填答情形轉換PFN-1 80
表5.4、填答情形轉換PFN-2 80
表5.5、sg1(p)之得分 81
表5.6、sg2(p)之得分 81
表5.7、sg1(p)之排序情形 82
表5.8、sg2(p)之排序情形 82
表5.9、受測者給予之原始權重 82
表5.10、將權重轉換為PFN-1 83
表5.11、將權重轉換為PFN-2 83
表5.12、方案A在各準則下之表現程度 83
表5.13、方案B在各準則下之表現程度 84
表5.14、方案C在各準則下之表現程度 84
表5.15、方案D在各準則下之表現程度 84
表5.16、方案E在各準則下之表現程度 85
表5.17、方案A在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 85
表5.18、方案A在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 86
表5.19、方案B在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 86
表5.20、方案B在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 86
表5.21、方案C在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 87
表5.22、方案C在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 87
表5.23、方案D在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 87
表5.24、方案D在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 88
表5.25、方案E在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 88
表5.26、方案E在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 88
表5.27、各方案之加權表現程度-u 89
表5.28、各方案之加權表現程度-v 89
表5.29、各方案在各排名下之得分函數sg1(p) 90
表5.30、各方案在各排名下之得分函數sg2(p) 90
表5.31、sg1(p)之指派結果 92
表5.32、sg2(p)之指派結果 92
表5.33、得分函數與直覺排序等級間之相關係數 93
表5.34、原始問卷填答情形 93
表5.35、將權重轉換為PFN 94
表5.36、A方案在各準則下之表現程度 95
表5.37、B方案在各準則下之表現程度 95
表5.38、C方案在各準則下之表現程度 95
表5.39、D方案在各準則下之表現程度 96
表5.40、A方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 96
表5.41、A方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 97
表5.42、B方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 97
表5.43、B方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 97
表5.44、C方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 98
表5.45、C方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 98
表5.46、D方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-u 98
表5.47、D方案在各準則下之加權表現程度-v 99
表5.48、各個方案下，表現第1名至第4名的隸屬度u 99
表5.49、各個方案下，表現第1名至第4名的非隸屬度v 99
表5.50、各方案在各排名下之得分函數sg1(p) 100
表5.51、各方案在各排名下之得分函數sg2(p) 100
表5.52、sg1(p)之指派結果 101
表5.53、sg2(p)之指派結果 102
表5.54、得分函數與直覺排序等級間之相關係數 102
表5.55、直覺排序與方法求解之排序相關性 103
表5.56、sg1 (未分組)與困難程度之交叉分析表 106
表5.57、sg1 (分組)與困難程度之交叉分析表 107
表5.58、sg2 (未分組)與困難程度之交叉分析表 107
表5.59、sg2 (分組)與困難程度之交叉分析表 108
表5.60、sg1 (未分組)與性別之交叉分析表 109
表5.61、sg1 (分組)與性別之交叉分析表 110
表5.62、sg2 (未分組)與性別之交叉分析表 111
表5.63、sg2 (分組)與性別之交叉分析表 112
表5.64、困難程度與性別之交叉分析表 112
表5.65、得分函數與直覺排序之相關係數 113
表5.66、sg1 相關係數與困難程度之交叉分析表 114
表5.67、sg1 相關係數與教育程度之交叉分析表 114
表5.68、sg1 相關係數與性別之交叉分析表 115
表5.69、sg2 相關係數與困難程度之交叉分析表 115
表5.70、sg2相關係數與教育程度之交叉分析表 116
表5.71、sg2 相關係數與性別之交叉分析表 116
表5.72、性別與困難程度之交叉分析表 117

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