臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究中，我們嘗試使用活性自由基聚合的方式來製備高黏土含量的奈米複合材料，主要分成三個部分，第一部分是將1,4-Dibromo-p-xylene與trimethylamine在乙腈中反應，純化獲得4-(bromo) benzyltrimethyl ammonium bromide ，再將4-(bromo) benzyltrimethyl ammonium bromide 與二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉反應，純化獲得改質劑4-(N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamylmethyl)benzyltrimethylammonium Bromide。
第二部分是將改質劑經由陽離子交換的方式進入蒙脫土的層狀矽酸鹽層間，過濾烘乾後獲得有機改質黏土，此黏土將嘗試與單體(丙烯酸或丙烯腈)進行原位聚合製成奈米複合材料。
第三部分是將奈米複合材料與NBR橡膠共混製成複合薄膜並測量其物理性質。
本實驗希望可以利用較為簡便的方式合成所需要的改質劑，此改質劑同時具有可以與蒙脫土的矽酸鹽層間進行陽離子交換的四級銨鹽端，以及與單體進行活性自由基聚合的斷裂鏈端，經改質劑改質的蒙脫土將利用原位聚合的方式製成奈米複合材料。我們嘗試使用較高的黏土含量(約15~30%)，並檢驗製成的複合材料所能到達的結構。
實驗中會使用到FT-IＲ及ＮＭＲ檢測改質劑是否成功合成，使用ＸＲＤ檢測高分子/黏土奈米複合材料進入矽酸鹽層間所能到達的結構，使用萬能測試機檢測材料的物理性質。

In this study, the PAA/clay nanocomposites and PAN/clay nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization. In the research, the first part was synthesized modifier (4-(N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamylmethyl)benzyltrimethylammonium Bromide) which is the RAFT regant helping monomer to polymerize.Sencond part was preparing nanocomposites. We modified Montomorilloite (C34P5 and CloisiteNa+) by modifier, then adding monomer to do in-situ polymerization.
We try to use higher content(about 30%) of clay and use the instrument of XRD and FT-IR to identify the structure and the distance between layered silicate of production. Also we used FT-IR and NMR to identify whether the modifier (4-(N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamylmethyl)benzyltrimethylammonium Bromide) was synthesized successfully or not. In the study, we hope to find better formula and condition to prepare PAA,PAN/nanocomposite.

目錄

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的和動機 2
1-3 複合材料 2
1-3-1黏土/高分子複合材料 3
1-3-2 奈米複合材料的優點 4
1-3-3 高分子/黏土奈米複合材料的應用 6
1-4 黏土 7
1-4-1 黏土的介紹及種類 7
1-4-2 黏土/高分子奈米複合材料 11
1-4-3 黏土/高分子奈米複合材料製成方法 12
1-5 改質劑 15
1-6聚丙烯腈 18
1-6-1 特性 18
1-6-2聚丙烯腈的用途【32】 19
1-6-3聚丙烯腈應用於複合材料 20
1-7 聚丙烯酸 22
1-7-1 特性 22
1-7-2 聚丙烯酸的用途【41】 23
1-7-3聚丙烯酸應用於複合材料 24
1-8 活性自由基聚合 25
1-8-1氮氧介導的自由基聚合 25
1-8-2可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移聚合 27
1-8-3原子轉移自由基聚合 29
第二章 文獻回顧 32
2-1可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移聚合法製作聚丙烯酸 32
2-2 可逆加成斷裂鏈轉移聚合法製作聚丙烯腈 33
2-3 聚丙烯酸/黏土奈米複合材料 35
2-4 聚丙烯腈/黏土奈米複合材料 36
2-5可吸附於黏土層間的RAFT試劑製作黏土/高分 子奈米複合材料 38
第三章 實驗部分 40
3-1實驗藥品 40
3-2實驗儀器 42
3-2-1 傅立葉轉換紅外線吸收光譜儀 42
3-2-2核磁共振波譜儀 43
3-2-3Ｘ射線繞射分析儀 44
3-2-4 萬能試驗機 46
3-3實驗步驟 47
3-3-1合成改質劑 47
3-3-2 改質蒙脫土 48
3-3-3複合材料製備 49
3-3-4 NBR複合材料薄膜 54
第四章 結果與討論 56
4-1 改質劑分析 56
4-1-1傅立葉紅外吸收光譜分析 56
4-1-2 NMR圖譜分析 57
4-2 改質黏土分析 58
4-2-1 傅立葉紅外吸收光譜分析 58
4-2-2 X光繞射分析 59
4-3 奈米複合材料分析 62
4-3-1 PAA/clay 奈米複合材料 62
4-3-2 PAN/clay 奈米複合材料 65
4-3-3 PI/clay 奈米複合材料 66
4-4 NBR複合材料薄膜分析 67
第五章 結論 71
參考文獻 72
附錄 79

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