臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對可程式化增益放大器（Programmable Gain Amplifier, PGA）與可變增益放大器（Variable Gain Amplifier, VGA）提出了幾種增益控制機制。在RF無線接收端，需要一個精確的分貝線性VGA或PGA，將接收訊號的動態範圍，轉換至類比轉數位轉換器可接受的範圍。為了得到較寬的增益範圍，新提出的PGA及VGA分別採用了串接及增益移動的技巧。本論文中也討論且分析了幾種可變增益放大器的架構，以及近似指數函數。為了比較兩個不同架構，PGA與VGA以0.18-μm互補式金屬氧化物半導體製程製作，包含串接與單級兩種架構。串接的PGA可以得到較佳的增益誤差特性，而單級的VGA則可以提供較佳的面積與功率效能。

Several gain control mechanisms for the design of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and variable gain amplifier (VGA) are presented in this thesis. In RF wireless receivers, an accurate decibel (dB)-linear PGA or VGA is required to convert the dynamic range of received signal into an acceptable range for the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Several variable gain amplifier architectures and exponential-approximation functions are discussed and analyzed in this thesis. In order to obtain a wide dB-linear gain range, a cascading gain-error-shifting and a single-stage gain-shifting technique are proposed and adopted in the PGA and VGA, respectively. Both PGA and VGA are fabricated in the 0.18-μm CMOS process for comparison. The cascading PGA can achieve a small gain error characteristic, while the single-stage VGA can provide a better area and power performance.

致謝 v
摘要 vii
Abstract ix
Contents xi
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Thesis Organization 3
Chapter 2 Background of Variable Gain Amplifier 4
2.1 dB-linear Functions 4
2.2 State-of-the-art VGAs 8
2.3 Linearity 11
2.4 Noise 13
2.4.1 Thermal noise 13
2.4.2 Flicker noise 15
Chapter 3 Cascading Programmable Gain Amplifier with Gain-Error-Shifting Technique 17
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Hybrid-Exponential Function 18
3.3 The Gain-Error-Shifting Technique (GEST) 20
3.4 Circuit Implementation 25
3.5 Experimental Results 37
3.6 Conclusion 41
Chapter 4 Single-stage Variable Gain Amplifier with Gain-Shifting Technique 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Linear-in-decibel approximation 44
4.3 The Gain-Shifting Technique (GST) 52
4.4 Circuit Implementation 53
4.5 Experimental Results 62
4.6 Conclusion 66
Chapter 5 Conclusion 69
References 73

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