臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究對粉體塗裝業勞工進行有害物暴露採樣測定，針對粉體塗裝作業環境粉體的逸散情形、勞工粉塵暴露程度及粉體金屬成分進行調查與分析。研究中實施勞工個人採樣之可呼吸性粉塵樣本採樣測定，及作業環境區域之總粉塵、Marple分徑採樣和PM2.5樣本之採樣測定，所收集粉塵樣本以六位數微量天平進行秤重，並以感應耦合電漿質譜儀(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)進行金屬成分分析。在9家粉體塗裝工廠進行採樣測定，收集164個樣本。樣本分析結果顯示：粉體塗裝作業區域採樣測定，8小時時量加權平均(8-hour time-weighted average, 8-hr TWA)總粉塵的質量濃度平均值(±標準差)為2.907 (±7.162) mg/m3，低於規定之第四種粉塵暴露容許濃度10 mg/m3的二分之一；依作業區域劃分前處理區、粉體室進口處外邊、粉體室內和粉體室出口處外邊的區域採樣測定，總粉塵暴露質量濃度平均值(±標準差)分別為1.798(±5.402)、3.299(±6.277)、4.496(±7.869)和9.001(±15.132) mg/m3，這四個區域在某幾家廠甚至都有超過總粉塵暴露容許濃度10 mg/m3的測定濃度出現，尤其是在粉體室出口處外邊測得最大濃度47.91 mg/m3，可以看出物件傳送軌道導引的氣流會帶動粉體的逸散，所以需要對這幾個區域實施有效的控制及改善。從ICP-MS金屬成分分析，發現在每個廠內粉塵樣本以鋇(Ba)這個金屬元素含量為最高，在粉體原料內單以所測金屬元素而言，鋇含量佔所有元素總和的99.73%，且區域總粉塵之平均濃度(±標準差)為72.080(±231.224) g/m3；至於其他有空氣中暴露容許濃度的金屬，如：Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、Cd、In和Pb的測定質量濃度平均值(±標準差)分別為0.267(±0.156)、0.428(±2.658)、0.006(±0.010)、0.160(±0.382)、0.174(±0.230)、0.002(±0.002)、0.008(±0.023)、0.005(±0.010) 和0.078(±0.226) g/m3，均遠低於我國空氣有害物暴露容許濃度標準。整題而言，粉體塗裝作業勞工粉塵暴露並未超過我國第四種粉塵總粉塵暴露容許濃度，各金屬成分暴露濃度也都符合對應的法定限值，但少數作業區域有高於總粉塵容許濃度測值出現，對於這些特定作業區域勞工的粉塵暴露仍須加以注意。

This study conducted exposure sampling of hazardous agents for workers in powder coating industries. The dispersion of powders used in powder coating operations, the exposure levels of dust, and the metal components of powder samples were investigated and analyzed. The personal air samples of respirable dust for the workers and the area samples of total dust, Marple cascade impactor and particulate matter (PM2.5) from the powder coating work environments were taken. The collected dust samples were weighed with a six-digit microbalance and the metal components of the samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 164 dust samples were collected from 9 powder coating factories. The results of measurement data indicated the 8-hour time-weighted average concentration (8-hr TWA) (± standard deviation, SD) of total dust based on the area samples was 2.907(±7.162) mg/m3, less than 1/2 of the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of total dust(10 mg/m3). When dividing the measurement data according to the work areas where the sample were taken, the 8-hr TWAs concentration (±SD) of total dust were 1.798(±5.402), 3.299(±6.277), 4.496(±7.869) and 9.001(±15.132) mg/m3 for the four areas of pre-treatment, outside of the inlet of powder coating booth, inside of powder coating booth, and outside of the outlet of powder coating booth, respectively. Few measurements of the total dust samples were greater than 10 mg/m3 in some factories. Especially, the maximum concentration (47.91 mg/m3) was measured at the outside of the outlet of powder coating booth. This demonstrated the air flow introduced by the movement of hanging objects on the transporting track could drive the dispersion of powders. Effective control measures were required for the work areas in these factories. The ICP-MS analysis of metal components found the highest mass of metal elements in the dust sample in each factory was barium (Ba). The content of Ba in the measured metal of coating powder was up to 99.73%. The 8-hr TWA (±SD) of Ba concentrations measured from the area samples of total dust was 72.080(±231.224) g/m3. The 8-hr TWAs (±SD) of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Cd, In and Pb concentrations measured from the area samples of total dust were 0.267(±0.156), 0.428(±2.658), 0.006(±0.010), 0.160(±0.382), 0.174(±0.230), 0.002(±0.002), 0.008(±0.023), 0.005(±0.010) and 0.078(±0.226) g/m3. In general, the total dust exposure of the workers in powder coating operations was less than the PEL of nuisance dust of our regulations and the exposure concentrations of metal components were also less than the corresponding PELs. However, few measurements of total dust exposure in several work areas could exceed the PEL of total dust. More attention should be paid to the total dust exposure of the workers in the specific work areas.

致謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第1章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第2章 文獻回顧 3
第3章 材料與方法 7
3.1 研究架構 7
3.2 暴露採樣測定 8
3.3 採樣前準備 9
3.3.1 採樣設備 9
3.3.2 濾紙採樣前秤重 11
3.4 樣本採集 12
3.5 採樣後處理 12
3.5.1 樣本收集 12
3.5.2 重量分析 12
3.5.3 重量計算 13
3.6 金屬分析 14
3.6.1 儀器材料種類 14
3.6.2 消化處理 14
3.6.3 儀器分析 15
3.6.4 檢量線分析 16
3.6.5 回收率測試 17
第四章 結果與討論 18
4.1 粉體塗裝廠作業區域訪視調查資料 18
4.2 粉塵之暴露測定 26
4.3 採樣粉塵之金屬成分分析 31
4.4 粉體原料之金屬 42
4.5 鋇金屬之分析及評估 43
第五章 結論與建議 45
參考文獻 46

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