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In recent years, the drug resistance of pathogens to antibiotics has increased continuously, causing severe health problems. Through combining the technology of nanomaterial science and the inherent antibacterial activity of metal oxides, many studies developed innovative antibacterial methods by utilizing metal oxide nanoparticles. This study uses simple hydrothermal synthesis to synthesize copper oxide. And through adding different polymer modifiers to achieve surface modification and optimize the antibacterial efficiency of the original copper oxide. Additionally, The study uses Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta Potential Analyzer to confirm the characteristics of copper oxide. The bacterial pathogen selected in the experiment is E.coli. We tested on different modified copper oxide for antibacterial activities. By using the Microplate Spectrophotometer to measure the bacteria’s optical density value, the result shows that the copper oxide modified by the polymer is significantly better than the copper oxide without any modification. Among them, the PDA-modified copper oxide performs the best, with the inhibition rate of 85%. The overall results show that the antibacterial mechanism of this experiment is the internalization of nanoparticle and nanoparticle accumulation on bacterial membrane surface. Finally, we prove that copper oxide nanomaterial has a huge potential in synthesizing simple and low-cost inorganic antibacterial agents and its main antibacterial mechanism can be revealed.
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