臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本文是探討由易卜生之《玩偶之家》和《海洋女人》以及克萊兒‧魯斯之《輕輕地關門》裡三位女主角所呈現出的女人的自由選擇，而這三位女主角分別為諾拉‧海爾默、艾梨妲以及諾拉‧沃德。我們可以從這三部戲劇不同的寫作時間發現到裡面包含了女人的自由選擇的想法且這想法是一直在進化的。
諾拉‧海爾默選擇離開家去尋找獨立因為她老公一直以來都不尊重她的決定而且總是把她當成是一個不成熟的、小孩一般的女人對待。相反地，艾梨妲雖為了經濟的安全感與她先生結婚，卻想像她的真愛是一個在海邊認識的陌生人。經過很多的討論及她的剖白後，她的丈夫終於為了讓她能夠再一次自由的去選擇而同意離婚。最後，她最終的決定是同她丈夫住在一起因為她瞭解到有更多的愛在她們之間。另一方面，諾拉‧沃德是一個受過教育且有著碩士學位的女人。她發現到她丈夫和別的女人吃飯，這讓她想起了她的公公在家雖是個怕他那乏味老婆的人，然而，卻在外面有一個做小生意的且讓他不會無聊的情婦。經過一段很長的協議以及她坦承仍是愛她的丈夫：她丈夫同意讓他去找個符合她教育程度的工作以免她變成一個像他婆婆一樣無趣的太太。
並且，在查閱了許多外面的參考書籍後，有兩本特別重要的女性主義的書值得一提，因為它們提供了關於19世紀和20世紀的女性運動的背景資料。首先，《第二性》是一本主要經典的女性主義的書，是由一位法國女性主義者西蒙波娃所著。這書是她對於廢止她所稱的「永恆女性的神話」之熱烈、博學地請求。第二本書也是被廣泛閱讀的女性主義的書籍是由一位美國詩人兼批評家雅德安‧芮曲之《女人所生》。在書中，她展現了女權運動中漸增的實踐，特別是在女同性戀者及女性主義者的議題上。這本書贏得了世界書籍獎而且被表彰的地方是她對於母職中的喜悅及痛苦的經驗所做的出色及熱烈探討。

Abstract
This thesis is to discuss women’s freedom of choice as represented by three protagonists, i.e. Nora Helmer in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House (1879), Ellida in another Ibsen’s play The Lady from the Sea (1888), and Nora Wald in Clare Boothe Luce’s Slam the Door Softly (1970). From the different dates of the writing of these three plays, we can also detect that the idea of freedom of choice for women is also evolving.
Nora Helmer chooses to leave her home to seek her independence, because her husband has shown no respect for her decisions and has always treated her as an immature, “child-like” woman. By contrast, Ellida marries her husband for economical security, but she imagines that her real love is a stranger whom she has met by the sea. After much discussion and her confession, her husband finally agrees to give her a divorce, in order to let her be free to choose again. Ultimately, her final decision is to stay with her husband because she realizes that there is much love between them. On the other hand, Nora Wald is an educated woman with a Master’s Degree. She discovers her husband having dinner with another girl, which reminds her that her father-in-law was a henpecked husband to a dull wife at home. However, he had a more interesting mistress, who is a small business owner. After long deliberation, and she admits still being in love with her husband: he agrees to let her find a job suitable to her education to prevent her from being a boring wife, just like her mother-in-law.
Furthermore, after consulting many reference books, there are two particularly important feminist books worth special mention, for their helpful background information about the feminist movements in the 19th and 20th centuries. First, The Second Sex (1949) is a major classic feminist work, by a French feminist, Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986). This is her passionate, scholarly plea for the abolition of what she called “the myth of the eternal feminine.” The second is the widely read feminist book Of Woman Born (1976) by a U. S. poet and critic, Adrienne Rich (born 1929), who shows in her writings, increasing commitment to the women’s movement, especially on lesbian/feminist issues. This book won the National Book Award, and is recognized for her brilliant and passionate exploration of the joy and pain experienced in motherhood.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1
Chapter One: Women in the history 12
Chapter Two: Women in the 19th and 20th centuries 20
I. Reliance on their husbands 22
II. The oppression of being a wife and mother 28
Chapter Three: Women’s Self-enlightenment 43
I. Nora Helmer’s borrowing money behind her husband’s back 43
II. Ellida’s confession about her relationship with another man behind her husband 49
III. Nora Wald’s living background and her resourceful thoughts 55
Chapter Four: Women with changed mentalities and actions 62
I. Recognition of their predicaments 62
II. Decision from their free wills 77
Conclusion 90
Work Consulted 100
Work Cited 105

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