臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在全球化的潮流下，台灣的製造業在過去所具備的優勢逐漸消失，隨之而來的是低毛利、高競爭的時代。如今，企業為了在更多變的環境中維持競爭力，除了努力於供應鏈的整合之外，整個供應鏈系統必須具備快速回應各種不確定因素的能力。彈性乃是探討組織能夠迅速的回應不確定性變化之能力，是繼成本、品質之後，管理者所關注的焦點議題，亦是企業競爭力的重要指標。

然而，彈性無法量化便難以有效落實於企業的管理與改進，因此，本論文整合相關領域學者的觀點，建立供應鏈彈性衡量的架構，並以國內電源供應器產業，做為實例驗證的對象。在理論架構方面，以彈性領域學者的觀點為基礎，將彈性議題應用於供應鏈管理之中，建立供應鏈彈性衡量的架構，其中包含供應商、產品開發、製造、後勤與組織彈性等構面。本研究應用模糊邏輯的概念，將企業主管對彈性語意評估資料轉換為可量化之模糊數，並以模糊運算得到供應鏈彈性指標。本研究方法經實證研究證實，在供應鏈管理實務上，能克服供應鏈系統的彈性難以量化的問題。研究結果顯示，國內的電源供應器產業，彈性能力相當理想，其彈性表現是來自後勤管理、供應商整合與組織協調等方面的努力，在製造彈性方面，則尚有提升的空間。在企業的彈性評估結果中亦證實，企業在彈性能力的表現有助於績效的提升。

In the field of supply chain management, most researchers agree that supply chain flexibility (SCF) is not easily to quantify. Although considerable attention has been paid to the research issues related to uncertainty and flexibility, the literature of supply chain flexibility has only emerged slowly and in a more scattered way. The purpose of this study is to propose an approach for measuring SCF. This research integrates uncertainty and flexibility concept into the supply chain management and develops fuzzy set model for measuring SCF. A theory framework for SCF is constructed and divided as following five dimensions: supply, product development, manufacturing, logistic and organization flexibility. The method applied in this study is by using questionnaire, in which questions and statements with respect to supply chain flexibility issues are proposed to ask the participants to identify the importance of the evaluation criteria and their company’s flexibility performance. And, then, a mathematical model of fuzzy set theory is applied and developed for the evaluation of supply chain system flexibility. The empirical application in this study is the power supply manufacturing industry in Taiwan.
The result shows that the SCF of Taiwanese power supply manufacturing industry has a very good flexibility performance which is generally based on logistic management, supplier integration and organization communication, whereas the dimension of manufacturing flexibility shows the lowest score in the five dimensions. It is hoped that this research could provide an empirical application of flexibility measurement to the companies and improve the efficacy of managing their supply chain.

摘 要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究流程 3
1.4 研究範圍與限制 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 彈性的意涵與定義 6
2.2 彈性的衡量 7
2.3 彈性衡量文獻回顧 8
2.4彈性與不確定性 9
2.4.1 環境不確定性 9
2.4.2 不確定性的構面 10
2.4.3 彈性構面 11
2.5 彈性在供應鏈系統之研究 13
2.5.1 供應鏈管理之定義 14
2.5.2 供應鏈彈性相關文獻 16
第三章 供應鏈彈性架構之建立 18
3.1 供應彈性 19
3.1.1 供應彈性的內部屬性 20
3.1.2 供應彈性的外部屬性 21
3.2 產品開發彈性 22
3.2.1 產品開發彈性的內部屬性 22
3.2.2 產品開發彈性的外部屬性 23
3.3 製造彈性 23
3.3.1 製造彈性的內部屬性 24
3.3.2 製造彈性的外部屬性 25
3.4 後勤彈性 26
3.4.1 後勤彈性的內部屬性 26
3.4.2 後勤彈性的外部屬性 27
3.5 組織彈性 27
3.5.1 組織彈性的內部屬性 28
3.5.2 組織彈性的外部屬性 28

第四章 研究方法 31
4.1 模糊理論 31
4.1.1 隸屬函數 31
4.1.2 凸模糊集合 32
4.1.3 正規模糊集合 32
4.1.4 模糊數 32
4.1.5 三角模糊數 33
4.1.6 模糊數運算 34
4.1.7 重心法 34
4.2 轉換相關語意變數成三角模糊數 34
4.3 方法設計 35
4.3.1決定供應鏈彈性構面與構面的屬性 37
4.3.2決定語意變數轉換為三角模糊數的準則 37
4.3.3 由產業界專家評估供應鏈各項彈性構面與構面屬性的評估值 37
4.3.4 由供應鏈管理者及相關人員評估彈性構面與屬性的彈性績效值 38
4.3.5 計算構面的彈性評估值 38
4.3.6 計算供應鏈系統彈性 38
4.3.7比對模糊彈性綜合指標對應適當的語意水準 39
4.3.8 將SCF經由重心法解模糊化成為FI (Flexibility Index, FI ) 40
第五章 個案研究 41
5.1台灣電源供應器產業之供應鏈彈性衡量 41
5.1.1 產品及產業特色 41
5.1.2 我國主要電源供應器廠商 43
5.1.3 電源供應器產業之供應鏈彈性衡量 43
5.1.4 供應鏈彈性評估步驟 44
5.1.5 評估結果說明 50
5.2四家國內電源供應器廠商之彈性評估 51
5.2.1 國內四家電源供應器廠商彈性評估 51
5.2.2 企業彈性評估步驟 51
5.2.3 四家公司之供應鏈彈性綜合指標 57
5.2.4 結果分析 58
第六章 結論與建議 59
附錄一 74
附錄二 75
附錄三 80
附錄四 85

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