臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著電子產品的發展空間日漸擴展，我們所需的是功能性高分子發泡材料，其具備質輕、緩衝防震、比強度高、隔音、隔熱等性能。應用最廣泛的高分子發泡材料莫過於聚氨酯，其加工製造方法有物理發泡法、化學發泡法等，在過去專利及文獻中物理發泡較少被討論，故本研究利用液化二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(2,4’-MDI/4,4’-MDI)與不同結構與分子量之多元醇(Castor oil / Triol / Polymer polyol)分別使用物理及化學的發泡方式製備軟質微孔聚氨酯緩衝墊，並藉由機械性質、回彈、壓縮率、紅外線光譜、掃描式電子顯微鏡、動態機械分析儀、交聯密度、壓縮循環測試、衝擊吸收測試來找尋聚氨酯緩衝墊的最適化配方以及其在不同發泡方式下一系列的探討與比較。
由實驗結果得知：使用三官能聚醚多元醇(Triol-700)可以提升發泡體結構的負荷力、機械性能以及交聯密度，加上醚基結構柔軟易回復促進受力時削減外力，所以具有較低的壓縮率與回彈性能。低密度的發泡因為泡孔較大與開孔結構，應力在孔洞間流通時可以均勻分散，因此回復能力較好，壓縮率較佳。物理發泡中添加的氫氧化鋁或二氧化矽會增強分子結構的牢固性、耐熱性，即使是在高溫下作用壓縮率反而降低，而在高溫下化學發泡的熱穩定性較差。由於脲基內聚能較高與硬鏈段含量較高的原因促使化學發泡硬度較高，材料剛性較佳，而移除施力後的回復速度也較快，故彈性回復(%)提升，而滯後能量損失(%)則隨之降低。物理發泡內部均一的孔徑，加上聚合物多元醇的極性分子與長支鏈可以提高機械性質與承載能力，使其具有最低的g值與最高的反彈值，表明擁有最佳的吸收能量特性。

With the rapid development of electronic products, what we need is high functionality polymer foam and which is lightweight, high specific strength, energy absorption and heat insulation material. Polyurethane foam is a generally applicative product for cushion pad and it could be made by physical blowing method, chemical blowing method, etc. The physical blowing method was less discussed in the past patents and literatures, therefore this paper aimed at the utilization of liquid methylene diphenyl diisocyanates (2,4’-MDI/4,4’-MDI) with different structures and molecular weights of polyols (Castor oil / Triol / Polymer polyol) to synthesize the flexible microporous polyurethane cushion pads which were employed by two types of blowing methods to probe the polyurethane foams characteristics respectively subsequently by Universal Testing Machine, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Falling Ball Rebound Test, Compression Set Test, Stress-Strain Hysteresis Loop Test and Dynamic Shock Absorption Test.
The experiment results revealed that substituting tri-functionality polyol for castor oil would improve the compression set because of the flexible ether group could reduce external forces. While the cell of low-density foam was big, the stress inside would be free to go anywhere and induce the better recovery capability and compression set property. Adding Al(OH)3 / SiO2 in physical foams could increase the molecular structure and the heat resistance, but on the contrary the heat resistance of the chemical foam was worse. Due to the polar molecules and the branch chains of polymeric polyol, the bearing capacity of the physical foam were more distinguished. Moreover, because of the fine and open cell structures, the g value of physical foam was verified more lower than the chemical foam, hence the energy absorption property of physical foam was better.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
致謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 XI
第一章 前言 1
第二章 相關理論與文獻回顧 3
2.1聚氨酯簡介 3
2.1.1聚氨酯發展歷程 3
2.1.2聚氨酯介紹 4
2.1.3聚氨酯原理與機制 6
2.1.4聚氨酯應用 11
2.2高分子發泡簡介 12
2.2.1高分子發泡機制 12
2.2.2高分子發泡分類 14
2.2.3高分子發泡應用 16
2.3影響發泡特性之因素 17
2.3.1原物料結構對發泡特性之影響 26
2.3.2 脲素含量對發泡特性之影響 28
2.3.3 交聯密度對發泡特性之影響 29
2.3.4 密度對發泡特性之影響 32
2.3.5 孔洞結構對發泡特性之影響 33
2.3.6 溫度對發泡特性之影響 34
2.4 微相分離介紹 36
第三章 實驗內容與方法 41
3.1實驗藥品 41
3.2實驗儀器 45
3.3實驗流程 46
3.4實驗方法 47
3.5實驗配方 59
第四章 結果與討論 66
4.1 不同含量之異氰酸酯與不同種類和含量之多元醇製備微孔發泡材料之探討 67
4.2 化學與物理之聚氨酯發泡的比較及特性探討 75
4.3 影響發泡材料吸收能量之特性探討 84
4.4 緩衝墊之吸收能量特性探討 105
第五章 結論 112
第六章 參考文獻 114

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