臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電壓、電流以及溫度為估計電池電量的重要參數，因此設計高精準度之感測
器為一重要關鍵。在本論文中提出以CMOS 為製程之一高精準度之溫度感測器及
一個高精準度之電流感測器，其精準度均可達到約1 % 之誤差。
本篇論文第二章中提出的第一個感測器電路設計為適用於[-5 oC,120 oC] 之
高精準溫度感測器，其技術特點為提出一具有溫度範圍選擇電路，使得除了校準
方法的分析之外，熱敏電阻線性電路可以根據感測溫度範圍自動切換到相應的校
準迴路，這解決了單一熱敏電阻線性電路適用感測溫度範圍過小的問題。此外，
本章提出之高精準溫度感測器也證實具有高線性度。根據晶片量測結果證實，在
溫度範圍為[-5 oC,120 oC] 下，此晶片輸出電壓範圍為1.96 V 到4.15 V，最大線性
誤差為1.4 %，以及最大溫度誤差為1.1 oC。
第三章則使用全差分放大器的高壓雙向電流感測器，以偵測雙向流動之大電
流(安培等級)。全差分放大器經由迴授路徑，可平衡高壓電流感測器的雙向輸入
電壓。因此，所提出的設計可以藉由輸出電壓和參考電壓之間的電壓差，以推測
出感測電流的方向和大小。根據本章晶片量測結果，證實可操作於電壓8∼14 V，
且最大感測誤差在0.7 % 以內。
上述之兩個感測器電路設計，使本論文之溫度感測器與電流感測器在感測精
準度上，皆成為目前世界在CMOS 製程領域中領先者之一。

Voltage, current, and temperature are three important parameters for estimating the
state of charge (SOC). Therefore, high-precision sensors for these 3 physical measures
play a key role in a battery management system (BMS). This dissertation presents a
high-precision temperature sensor and a current sensor using CMOS technologies for BMS
to achieve accurate SOC estimation in the future.
In Chapter 2, a high-precision CMOS temperature sensor with an auto-selective
design is developed to overcome the narrow temperature range problem of a single
thermistor temperature sensor, while high linearity output is ensured. The proposed design
is featured with a temperature range selection circuit allowing a thermistor linear circuit
to switch automatically to a corresponding calibration loop accordingly. Measurement
results obtained in a thermal chamber confirm that the output voltage ranges from 1.96 V
to 4.15 V with a maximum linearity error of ≤ 1.4 % and temperature error of ≤ 1.1 oC
across a temperature range of -5 oC to 120 oC.
A high-voltage (HV) bidirectional current sensor using a fully-differential amplifier
(FDA) is demonstrated in Chapter 3 to equalize the bidirectional input voltages of a HV
current sensor via a feedback loop. This enables the proposed design to detect the direction
and magnitude of the current based on the difference between the output voltage and
a reference voltage. Detailed analysis of the proposed HV current sensor is presented.
Measurement results obtained using battery test equipment proved that the proposed
sensor achieves maximum error ≤ 0.7 % in the range of 8∼14 V.

中文摘要iii
Abstract iv
List of Figures vii
List of Tables xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1 Temperature Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 Current Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.3 Organization of the Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 2 High-Precision CMOS Temperature Sensor with Thermistor
Linear Calibration 21
2.1 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2 Architecture of Proposed Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.2.1 Thermistor Linearity Calibration Circuit with Switches . . . . . . 22
2.2.2 Temperature Range Auto-Selection Circuit (TRASC) . . . . . . . 26
2.3 Implementation and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.1 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.2 Chip Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
v
Chapter 3 CMOS Bidirectional High-Voltage Current Sensor 48
3.1 Chapter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.2 High-Voltage Bidirectional Current Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.1 Fully-Differential Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.2.2 Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3 Implementation and Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3.1 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3.2 Chip Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.3.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Chapter 4 Conclusion and Future Work 65
4.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.2.1 New Temperature Sensor Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.2.2 New Current Sensor Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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