臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自1990年起，蒙古歷經一連串之和平轉移，從原本一黨專制、演進到多黨之代議民主。從那時起，該國就以奉行藉由民主和開放市場經濟走向
政經獨立為圭臬。但是，該政策導向卻是由兩種截然不同之因素所組成。一方面，蒙古被認為是礦產資源豐富的國家，但普通的蒙古公民無法從資源中獲益。另一方面，蒙古議會大興眾多大型採礦和基礎設施項目，這些項目儘管對蒙古經濟和社會發展產生巨大影響，但不幸的是，除了奥尤陶勒盖採礦項目外，迄今沒有一個能成功實施。結果導致人們傾向於將這些項目的失敗歸咎於蒙古為年輕民主國家。因此，本文旨在找出“蒙古民主的進程是否是致使國家經濟發展之大型建設失敗的主因。為了回答研究問題，本文將分析蒙古自然資源和基礎設施部門，並透過了解政治經濟學中自然資源和基礎設施部門管理來對奥尤陶勒盖礦業項目和新鐵路項目作案例的比較分析。

Mongolia has managed to make a comparatively peaceful transition in the years of 1990, from one-party, authoritarian rule to a multiparty, representative democracy. Since that time, the country has been pursuing an independent policy that promotes democracy and open market economy. However, there are two contrasting features while doing so. On one hand, Mongolia is considered to be a rich country in mineral resource, but the ordinary Mongolian citizen cannot get benefit from its resource. On the other hand, numerous of mega mining and infrastructural projects which each and every one of them was supposed to show a huge influence to Mongolian economy and social development had been discussed by the parliament of Mongolia. Unfortunately, none of them got successfully implemented, except Oyu Tolgoi mining project. The consequence of that was, people tend to see Mongolia`s young democracy as a factor in the failure of these projects. Therefore, this thesis aims to find out the answer to the question that “Is democracy in Mongolia the primary factor for the failure of mega projects which are important for the country`s economic development?”. To answer the research question, this thesis will analyze the Mongolian natural resource and infrastructural sector. It focuses on understanding the political economy of the natural resource and infrastructural sector management through an application of comparative case studies: the Oyu Tolgoi mining project and the New Railway Project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Chapter 1. Introduction…………………………8
1.1 Research Background and Motivation ……………………………8
1.2 Research Purpose and Research Question……………………16
1.3 Research Method ……………………16
1.4 Chapters Structure ………………17

Chapter 2. Literature Review …………………18
2.1 Democracy Matters for Economic Development ………………18
2.2 Authoritarianism, Developmental State Theory and Economic Development………………21
2.3 Quality of Governance and Economic Development …………24

Chapter 3. Oyu Tolgoi Mining Project: A Story of Success…26
3.1 Brief Introduction of the Project: The Background and Importance………27
3.2 Factors Contributing to the Success of the Project ……………………37
3.2.1 National Consensus and the Coalition Government………40
3.2.2 Mongolia`s Third Neighbor Policy …………………42
3.2.3 Political Promises …………………43
3.2.4 Financial Crisis ……………………45
3.3 Chapter Conclusion ……………………45

Chapter 4. New Railway Project: A Story of Failure……………48
4.1 Brief Introduction of the Project: The Background and Importance ……………49
4.2 Analysis on How Factors Contributing to the Success of Oyu Tolgoi Project worked in the New Railway Project…………59
4.2.1 National Consensus and the Coalition Government………60
4.2.2 Mongolia`s Third Neighbor Policy ……………………………………………62
4.2.3 Political Promises ………………………64
4.2.4 Financial Crisis ……………………………65
4.3 Chapter Conclusion …………………………66

Chapter 5. Conclusion …………………………69

References ……………74

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