臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，企業正面臨著日益競爭及全球化商業環境，唯有重視產品改善與創新，並快速回應市場需求，才能在全球性的競爭環境中生存與茁壯。台灣的產業型態以中小企業為主，產品開發能力較弱，且新產品開發時程太長。縮短產品開發時程、提高產品品質與降低成本，是保持競爭優勢的必備條件。新產品開發在設計與發展時期的整合顯得相當重要，設計者如果能充分了解各零件之間的相互關聯性，將有助於提升新產品研發之效能。
從產品開發管理的角度思考，產品內部組成零件增加到某種程度，管理者將面臨視覺上分辨之困難，傳統的PERT、CPM使用上會受到限制，需要更多功能的分析工具協助，設計結構矩陣 (Design Structure Matrix, DSM)的方法將各元素的彼此間關聯性以矩陣與圖形方式來呈現，可用以分析主零件與次零件之間獨立性、相依性、交互耦合性之關聯屬性。本研究再運用模糊理論，由產品設計者針對零件的關係利用模糊函數評估零件各項關係值，進而使用決策試驗與實驗評估法 (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL)評估零件關聯性強度，協助產品開發設計者能快速得知各模組的關鍵零件，以縮短產品開發時程，使企業保持競爭優勢。

In face of growing competitions and the global business environment, enterprises have been forced to pay attention to product improvement and innovation and quickly react to market demands, so as to survive and grow in the globally competitive environment. In Taiwan, local industries are based on small and medium-sized enterprises, which have weaker product development abilities and need longer time to develop new products. However, shortening of product development time, improvement of product quality, and cost reduction are essential for them to maintain competitive advantages. Integration of the design and development of new products has thus become very important. If designers can sufficiently understand the relationships between product components, they can enhance their new product development efficiency.
From the perspective of product development management, when the number of product components increases to a certain extent, it will become difficult for managers to visually distinguish these components. Their use of conventional PERT and CPM will also be confined. More functional assistance may be needed. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is intended to present the relationships between components in matrix structures. This method can be used to analyze the independent, dependent, and interdependent between main components and sub components. According to the fuzzy theory, this study used triangular fuzzy numbers to evaluate the relations of components and further employed Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate the intensity of the relations. Through this approach, designers could quickly identify the key components of each module to shorten product development time and help their enterprises maintain competitive advantages.

目錄

中文摘要 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
表目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii
圖目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
第一章 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1. 研究背景與動機------------------------------------------------------ 1
1.2. 研究目的--------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.3. 研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.4. 研究流程--------------------------------------------------------------- 4
第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1. 新產品開發之定義--------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1.1. 新產品開發類型------------------------------------------------------ 8
2.2. 設計結構矩陣的介紹------------------------------------------------ 10
2.2.1. 設計結構矩陣基本關聯性形式------------------------------------ 12
2.2.2. 設計結構矩陣之分割法則------------------------------------------ 16
2.2.3. 設計結構矩陣分群--------------------------------------------------- 18
2.3. 模組化概念------------------------------------------------------------ 19
2.4. 模糊理論--------------------------------------------------------------- 21
2.5 決策試驗與實驗評估法--------------------------------------------- 22
第三章 研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------- 24
3.1. 原始二元設計結構矩陣--------------------------------------------- 24
3.1.1. 建構設計結構矩陣--------------------------------------------------- 25
3.1.2. 設計結構矩陣之重新分割------------------------------------------ 26
3.1.3. 數值設計結構矩陣--------------------------------------------------- 26
3.2. 模糊理論應用--------------------------------------------------------- 27
3.2.1. 隸屬函數--------------------------------------------------------------- 27
3.2.2. 凸模糊集合------------------------------------------------------------ 27
3.2.3. 正規模糊集合--------------------------------------------------------- 28
3.2.4. 模糊數------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
3.2.5. 三角模糊數------------------------------------------------------------ 29
3.2.6. 模糊運算--------------------------------------------------------------- 29
3.2.7. 重心法解模糊化------------------------------------------------------ 30
3.2.8. 轉換相關語意變數成三角模糊數--------------------------------- 30
3.2.9. 漆彈槍之零件複雜性權重與零件關係之評估------------------ 31
3.3.10. 解模糊化--------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.3. DEMATEL之運算---------------------------------------------------- 32
第四章 實例驗證--------------------------------------------------------------- 34
4.1. 實例驗證之實施步驟------------------------------------------------ 34
4.2. 建構漆彈槍之DSM-------------------------------------------------- 37
4.3. 漆彈槍之DSM模糊化----------------------------------------------- 41
4.4. 漆彈槍之DSM模糊運算-------------------------------------------- 46
4.5. 漆彈槍之DSM分割法---------------------------------------------- 55
4.6. 漆彈槍各零件DEMATEL分析------------------------------------ 57
第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------------------------------ 63
5.1. 結論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
5.2. 建議與後續研究------------------------------------------------------ 63
5.3. 研究限制--------------------------------------------------------------- 64
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
附錄一 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70








表目錄

表1 新產品開發程序-------------------------------------------------------------- 9
表2 設計結構矩陣的四種資料型態-------------------------------------------- 11
表3 三種作業關聯性分類表示-------------------------------------------------- 13
表4 模組化與傳統之比較表----------------------------------------------------- 21
表5 二元DSM---------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
表6 三個數值等級之定義-------------------------------------------------------- 27
表7 評估零件相關性之語意變數與其模糊數對照表----------------------- 30
表8 評估零件複雜性權重之語意變數與轉換三角模糊數之對照表----- 31
表9 漆彈槍零件名稱與平面圖形編號對照----------------------------------- 39
表10 漆彈槍各零件之複雜性模糊權重值-------------------------------------- 48
表11 漆彈槍之總影響矩陣-------------------------------------------------------- 58
表12 漆彈槍69個零件行列之D+R/D-R值----------------------------------- 60














圖目錄

圖1 研究方法流程----------------------------------------------------------------- 3
圖2 研究流程----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
圖3 企業價值鏈-------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
圖4 新產品類型-------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
圖5 概念關聯流程圖-------------------------------------------------------------- 14
圖6 DSM資訊關係圖------------------------------------------------------------- 15
圖7 初始設計結構矩陣----------------------------------------------------------- 16
圖8 分割後之設計結構矩陣----------------------------------------------------- 17
圖9 凸模糊集合-------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
圖10 模糊數-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
圖11 三角模糊數-------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
圖12 實例驗證流程----------------------------------------------------------------- 36
圖13 漆彈槍平面圖----------------------------------------------------------------- 38
圖14 漆彈槍空間之初始DSM --------------------------------------------------- 42
圖15 漆彈槍能量之初始DSM---------------------------------------------------- 43
圖16 漆彈槍擊發之初始DSM --------------------------------------------------- 44
圖17 漆彈槍進球之初始DSM --------------------------------------------------- 45
圖18 NDSM解模糊化之空間關係矩陣----------------------------------------- 50
圖19 NDSM解模糊化之能量關係矩陣----------------------------------------- 51
圖20 NDSM解模糊化之擊發關係矩陣----------------------------------------- 52
圖21 NDSM解模糊化之進球關係矩陣----------------------------------------- 53
圖22 漆彈槍之NDSM四項特性關係矩陣------------------------------------- 54
圖23 漆彈槍之NDSM四項特性分割完成------------------------------------- 56
圖24 DEMATEL之關聯影響圖-------------------------------------------------- 62

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