臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

掠食者可能因應獵物的取得性而改變覓食模式，赤尾青竹絲成體及幼體便會鎖定不同的蛙類作為食物來源。對此我們著手調查該蛇類的伏擊地點以及伏擊地點中是否有蛙類存在，我們假設蛇類會在不同季節中變換蛙類物種作為食物來源，氣候、蛇體積也可能同時影響蛇類的活動。赤尾青竹絲是台灣常見以蛙類為主食的坐等型掠食者，從2014年2月至2016年3月，我們於台灣花蓮縣秀林鄉重光社區調查每夜所遭遇到的蛇類及蛙類，紀錄項目包含蛇類成長階段（成體、幼體）和伏擊棲地：流動、靜止、暫時性水域。遭遇到的蛇類會進行標記、拍照以供後續追蹤。經調查赤尾青竹絲在春季、秋季最為活躍，成體在整個冬季仍保持活躍的狀態，推測可能是藉此避開種間競爭或躲避天敵來獲取好處，大部分成體使用率最高的伏擊地點位於靜止水域岸邊；幼體則無使用率偏高的伏擊地點。幼體會因應日本樹蛙、褐樹蛙和盤古蟾蜍的數量多寡改變伏擊地點；成體則因應日本樹蛙、褐樹蛙、莫氏樹蛙和盤古蟾蜍的數量多寡改變伏擊地點。赤尾青竹絲成體及幼體在棲地利用上的分化表示兩者間可能存在著競爭或掠食關係，成體及幼體也因食性隨著季節改變而產生不同的棲地利用，成體的伏擊地點中具有大型且族群數大的蛙類物種。赤尾青竹絲的覓食模式隨著不同成長階段而改變，了解赤尾青竹絲在不同成長階段會改變伏擊的棲地對於蝮蛇的棲地保育提供了重要的資訊。

Predators might switch foraging pattern due to prey availability. Trimeresurus stejnegeri switches frog species as a food resource between adult and subadult snakes. We surveyed snake ambush sites and presence of frogs. We suspected snakes to switch frog species as food resources during different seasons. Climate, and snake body mass also might affect a snake’s activity. Trimeresurus stejnegeri is a common sit and wait predator. In Taiwan, it mainly eats frogs. From February 2014 to March 2016 at the Chongguang Community, Xiulin Township, Hualien County, Taiwan. We recorded encounters with each snake and frog, recording snake age (adult and subadult) and ambush habitat: lotic, lentic, and temporary water. Snakes were sprayed and photographed for tracking. Trimeresurus stejnegeri was most active in spring and fall. Adults were also active throughout the winter, possibly gaining an advantage over competing snakes or escape from predation. Most adults used lentic surroundings as ambush site. Subadults used all three habitats. Subadults switched ambush sites based on numbers of Buergeria japonica, Buergeria robusta, and Bufo bankorensi. Adult switched sites based on numbers of Buergeria. japonica, Buergeria. robusta, Rhacophorus moltrechti and Bufo. bankorensi. Competition or predation relation between adult and subadult might exist based on different habitat utilization. Differences in habitat used by adult and subadult snakes may be due to diet seasonal changes. Adults ambush sites had abundant, large- sized prey. Foraging pattern varied with life stages of T. stejnegeri. Understanding shift of ambush habitat in different life stages of T. stejnegeri is central information for viper’s habitat conservation.

INTRODUCTION 1
MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
STUDY SITE. 3
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. 4
SURVEY METHOD. 5
FROG BREEDING HABITAT. 5
TAGGING SNAKES. 5
DATA ANALYZE. 6
ABUNDANCE ANALYZE. 6
DENSITY ANALYZE. 6
AMBUSH SITE ANALYZE. 6
RELATION BETWEEN INTER AND INTRA SNAKE SPECIES. 7
RESULTS 7
TRIMERESURUS STEJNEGERI’S ENCOUNTER. 7
FROG SPECIES AND WEATHER FACTORS AFFECT T. STEJNEGERI. 8
FROG DENSITY AFFECT TRIMERESURUS STEJNEGERI 8
SNAKE AMBUSH SITE. 8
FROG RESOURCE. 9
AMBUSH SITE TRACKING. 10
RELATION WITH INTRA AND INTER SNAKE SPECIES. 11
DISSCUSSION 13
WEATHER FACTOR. 13
POTENTIAL PREY IN DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES. 13
AMBUSH STRATEGY IN DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES. 14
AVOIDANCE IN PREDATION OR COMPETITION. 17
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