臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本研究中採用單鏡頭的立體拍攝手法，利用稜鏡的分光能力，只需使用一個鏡頭，就可以拍攝兩張左右不同角度的影像。本研究使用光學模擬軟體 Zemax設計完成一組焦距為6mm、視角為53.13°的定焦鏡頭，再將此鏡頭置入光學模擬軟體 Light Tools 與微稜鏡陣列板作結合，最後利用模擬結果分析此系統。我們設定的三段參考光源R、G、B波長分別為λR= 630nm，λG=550nm，λB=470nm為輸入影像，是替代欲將拍攝的物體。經過模擬後，證實物體經過本系統，在成像面上，水平方向被切割為兩個影像。這兩個影像是由不同方向所拍攝得到的影像。此系統經過幾何計算後，可以依據不同的物距，而有不同的物寬及物高。對於大型的物體，可將它放置於距離鏡頭較遠處，如此一來，不論物體多大，都可輕鬆擷取立體影像。我們使用光學塑膠材料---聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)製作微稜鏡陣列板，比起一般玻璃(如BK7)製作的稜鏡，可以降低成本。此外，因為此材料有輕、薄的優點，所以使得整體系統的重量變輕、長度縮短、可以方便攜帶，並且可與一般的相機或攝影機作結合。

In the study, the researcher used a single lens to capture a stereo image pair with the light deviation of the prism. Two pieces of the image taken from different angles were showed through only one lens. The researcher used a single lens and the micro-prism array plate to capture a stereo image pair. The prime lens was designed by optical software (Zemax), focal length(6mm) and field of view (53.13°). Then, the lens which was put into the optical software (Light Tools) integrated the micro-prism array plate. Finally, the researcher used the result of the simulation to analyze the system. The preset three-stage reference light sources are R,G and B with λR= 630 nm, λG=550 nm, λB=470 nm as the input image which were the substitutes for the photographed objects. Through the simulation, it proved that the image could be dissected into image pair. After count of geometry, the system showed the different width of the objects based on the different object distance. The system could take bigger objects easily on condition that objects was put further from the lens. The system was designed by the micro-prism array plate, and the researcher used PMMA (poly-methylmethacrylate) as the optical plastic material. Compared with the traditional prism made by glass, the kind of the system decreased the cost of the production. Furthermore, the whole system became light and portable, in addition to the characteristics of integrating general cameras or video cameras.

中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌謝----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ix
第一章、 緒論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 立體影像技術的發展------------------------------------------------ 1
1.2 現今立體影像應用--------------------------------------------------- 3
1.3 立體影像對的拍攝--------------------------------------------------- 5
1.4 微光學的元件-------------------------------------------------------- 6
1.5 動機與目的------------------------------------------------------------ 7
1.6 論文架構--------------------------------------------------------------- 8
第二章、 立體影像成像原理--------------------------------------------------- 9
2.1 人類眼睛的構造------------------------------------------------------ 9
2.1.1 雙眼的成像----------------------------------------------------- 9
2.1.2 視神經與側膝狀核-------------------------------------------- 9
2.1.3 人類眼睛的特性----------------------------------------------- 11
2.2 產生深度感之因素--------------------------------------------------- 12
2.2.1 生理因素-------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.2.2 心理因素-------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.3 產生深度感的形式--------------------------------------------------- 14
第三章、 光學設計原理--------------------------------------------------------- 16
3.1 稜鏡原理--------------------------------------------------------------- 16
3.2 鏡頭初階設計-------------------------------------------------------- 19
3.2.1透鏡設計之符號定義及原理--------------------------------- 19
3.2.2近軸近似下的光追跡法-------------------------------------- 21
3.2.3厚透鏡的主點和焦點------------------------------------------ 23
3.2.4多透鏡組合系統----------------------------------------------- 25
3.2.5光學計算的矩陣方法----------------------------------------- 29
第四章、 鏡頭設計--------------------------------------------------------------- 32
4.1 鏡頭設計的基本規格------------------------------------------------ 33
4.2 double gauss之初階設計-------------------------------------------- 35
4.3 像質分析--------------------------------------------------------------- 38
4.4 鏡頭設計最佳化分析------------------------------------------------ 41
第五章、 模擬架構與方法------------------------------------------------------ 47
5.1 立體鏡頭之初階設計------------------------------------------------ 47
5.2 立體鏡頭之光學系統設計------------------------------------------ 49
第六章、 結果與討論------------------------------------------------------------ 51
6.1 微稜鏡陣列板之結構------------------------------------------------ 51
6.2 立體影像對之結果與分析------------------------------------------ 52
6.2.1無限遠處立體影像--------------------------------------------- 52
6.2.2有限遠處立體影像--------------------------------------------- 54
6.3 影像亮度之探討------------------------------------------------------ 58
6.4 可拍攝物體的大小與距離之關係--------------------------------- 59
6.3.1水平視角--------------------------------------------------------- 60
6.3.2垂直視角--------------------------------------------------------- 61
6.4 鏡組對整體系統的影響--------------------------------------------- 63
6.5 材料對色散的影響--------------------------------------------------- 63
6.6 製作上容許度範圍--------------------------------------------------- 64
第七章、 結論--------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

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