臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在進入21世紀後，由於各國對於能源的依賴，印度洋區域更成為各國所關注的焦點。其中，傳統強權美國長期在印度洋區域有軍隊戍守，因此其在該地是不折不扣的強權。然而，隨著中國與印度崛起，此二國也逐漸將勢力拓展至印度洋區域，其中，身為印度洋沿岸國的印度長期皆有成為南亞霸權的意圖，也因此，印度近年來積極發展海軍與自身的影響力。但在中國崛起之後，其因為對中東地區石油的依賴，也開始將自身影響力涉入印度洋區域，而中國的相關作為除了外交關係的影響外，也開始在印度洋沿岸國家建構防衛線，此舉也引來美印兩國的注意，因此美印兩國對於中國勢力進入印度洋也採取制衡的方針。然而，在印度洋區域中卻存在許多非傳統安全的問題，這些問題皆需仰賴各國合作以解決，而在中印兩國在彼此之間的經貿關係更加密切的情形下，雙方也進一步就解決彼此之間的分歧進行談判，包含在邊界方面的衝突也已開始進行解決方案的探討。為此，我們可以說中美印三國在印度洋區域的互動是衝突與合作並行。而在這幾個大國的互動之下，印度洋區域是否有出現規範相關國家行為的秩序，便是本文所要探討的目標。準此，本文希望藉由秩序建構的理論以分析印度洋上中美印三大國的互動，並探討在這些大國的互動之下，印度洋區域是否有出現秩序。

關鍵字：印度洋區域、美中印互動、大國政治、秩序建構。

In the 21st Century, due to the reason of the depenedence on the energy resources, the Indian Ocean became the area of interactions between the countries. Among these countries, the U.S. has military power stationed in the littoral regions of the Indian Ocean, so it is the main power in this region. However, as China and India became the “ rising power ” nowadays, these two countries start to promote their influence to the Indian Ocean Region. India, as it always has the ambition of becoming the hegemony of the Indian Ocean Region, starts t construct its naval force and diplomatic influence in the Indian Ocean region actively. However, because of the dependence to the oil resources in the Middle East, China has the similar movement as India, and it even starts to build the defensive line among the littoral states. This action raise the attention of the U.S. and the India, so we can see the U.S. and India has start to “ balance ” Chinese power in this region. However, there are also some problems of unconventional security issues appear in the Indian Ocen Region nowadays, and these obstacles need to be solved by the cooperation between great powers. Also, as China and India have more interactions in the economic and trade area, they start to solve some of their discrepencies, including the conflict on their border. Above all, we can sense that the interactions between these countries in the Indian Ocean Region contains conflict and cooperation, and among these interactions, the order which may standardized the behaviors of these countries appear or not in this region is the goal of these thesis. We attempt to use the theories of the order construction to analyse the interactions between the U.S., China, and India in the Indian Ocean Region, and to see if the order appear in this region or not.

Keywords: Indian Ocean Region, Interactions between the U.S., China, and India, Great Power Politics, Order Construction.

目次
圖次 vi
表次 vii
第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究動機與目的 1
壹、研究動機 1
貳、研究目的 4
参、研究問題 5
第二節、文獻檢閱 5
壹、中國在印度洋的利益與相關策略 5
貳、中印關係的中國觀點 9
参、印度在印度洋的利益與相關策略 11
肆、中印關係的印度觀點 13
第三節、研究設計 15
壹、相關理論探討 15
貳、研究方法 28
参、研究範圍 28
肆、研究限制 29
第四節、章節安排 29
第二章、印度洋區域的重要性與大國互動 31
第一節、印度洋區域的地緣優勢 31
壹、地緣優勢 32
貳、經濟與能源安全 34
第二節、印度洋區域的秩序變遷 35
壹、英國殖民時期 35
貳、冷戰時的美蘇對抗 37
第三節、小結 41
第三章、美國的印度洋戰略 43
第一節、冷戰結束與美國的國際秩序建構 43
第二節、美國在印度洋區域的戰略佈署 46
壹、軍事佈署 46
貳、美國與印度洋沿岸國家的外交關係 50
第三節、小結 53
第四章、中國的印度洋戰略 55
第一節、中國的海權發展 55
壹、當代中國海權發展的歷史 55
貳、21世紀中國發展藍水海軍的目的 58
第二節、中國外交政策的拓展 60
壹、中國外交政策的利益取向 60
貳、中國的大國外交 62
参、中國的經濟外交 66
第三節、印度洋對中國的重要性 68
壹、經濟安全 69
貳、能源安全 71
参、大國競爭與非傳統安全問題 74
第四節、中國在印度洋地區的影響力拓展 78
壹、軍事層面 78
貳、外交工具的運用 80
第五節、小結 83
第五章、印度的印度洋戰略 85
第一節、印度洋對印度的重要性 85
壹、經濟與能源安全 85
貳、印度洋區域的穩定性對印度的意義 86
第二節、印度的海軍發展 88
壹、冷戰時期印度的海軍發展 88
貳、冷戰結束後印度海軍的開發 89
第三節、印度外交關係的拓展 93
壹、冷戰時期印度的外交政策 93
貳、冷戰結束後印度的外交政策 95
第四節、小結 100
第六章、中美印三國在印度洋區域的互動 105
第一節、中美印在印度洋區域的互動 105
壹、美國與印度洋區域主要國家之間的關係 105
貳、美國與中國在印度洋區域的互動 112
第二節、中印之間的互動 117
壹、中國對巴基斯坦的軍事科技支持 117
貳、印中雙邊關係的競合 119
参、中印兩國在印度洋的競合 122
第三節、小結 125
第七章、結論 129
第一節、秩序建構與大國競合 129
第二節、印度洋區域秩序變遷 132
第三節、「崛起中的強權」在印度洋區域的秩序變遷扮演的角色 135
第四節、結論與未來展望 137
參考資料 140

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Zur, Yuval, Tamir Magal, and Nadav Kedem. 2012. “The Growing Power of Indian Navy: Westward Bound.” Military and Strategic Affairs 4, 3: 101-116.

二、中文書目
Smith, David。2007。羅耀宗譯《中國龍與印度象：改變新世界經濟的十大威脅》( The Dragon and the Elephant: China, India, and the New World Order )。台北：知識流。
Vinay Rai and William L Simon。2007。宣曉風、湯風雲譯《思考印度：全球下一個超級大國的興起對每個美國人意謂著什麼》( Think India: The Rise of the World’s Next Great Power and What It Means for Every American )。上海：上海大學出版社。
丁皓。2005。〈轉守為攻：印度海軍新理論解析〉。《人民網》。http://military.people.com.cn/BIG5/1078/3322132.html。2005/04/15。
方永剛、唐復全。2001。《大國逐鹿：新地緣政治》。成都：四川人民出版社。
王良能。2003。《印巴關係與南亞安全：中共的觀點》。台北：唐山。
王世誼。2000。〈論中共三代領導集體全球戰略關的演變〉。《人文雜誌》1：116-123。
王瑋琦、張署誠。2007。〈中國國家安全戰略〉。翁明賢等編著《新戰略論》：215-234。台北：五南。
中國產業訊息網。2012。〈2012年4月份中國原油進口來源情況排名分析〉。http://report.h.baike.com/article-370247.html。2012/06/13。
中華人民共和國外交部。2013。〈中國同斯里蘭卡的關係〉。http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/gjhdq_603914/gj_603916/yz_603918/1206_604594/sbgx_604598/。2013/07。
中華人民共和國外交部政策規劃司。2009。《中國外交：2009年版》。北京：世界知識出版社。
中華人民共和國駐孟加拉人民共和國大使館。2013。〈中華人民共和國政府與孟加拉人民共和國政府聯合聲明（2010年）〉。http://bd.china-embassy.org/chn/zmgx/zywj/t1052846.htm。2013/06/24。
史春林。2010。〈印度洋航線安全與中國的能源安全對策〉。《南亞研究季刊》3：1-7。
吳東林。2010。《中國海權與航空母艦》。台北：時英出版社。
吳純光。1998。《太平洋上的較量─當代中國的海洋戰略問題》。北京：今日中國出版社。
李登科。2006。〈斯里蘭卡近期動亂之研析〉。《戰略安全研析》17：36-39。
宋德星、白俊。2009。〈21世紀之洋─地緣戰略視角下的印度洋〉。《南亞研究》。2009年第3期：31-45。
宋興洲。2011。〈中國外交政策總論〉。宋鎮照、宋興洲等合著《當代中國的東亞外交策略與關係：區域霸權興起？》：33-56。台北：五南。
尚勸余。2011。〈中國與印度：合作夥伴還是競爭對手？〉。《南亞研究季刊》2011年第1期：1-5。
咼中校。2013。〈李克強訪印化解恩怨打通經濟走廊〉。《亞洲週刊》27，21：24-27。
胡志勇。2009。〈冷戰時期美國的南亞戰略與美印關係〉。《南亞研究》2009年第4期：19-26。
姜家雄。2011。〈英國學派〉。包宗和主編《國際關係理論》：311-324。台北：五南。
倪世雄。2010。《當代國際關係理論》。台北：五南。
馬加力。1994。〈後冷戰時代印度的外交政策〉。《南亞研究》1994年第4期：43-49。
馬加力。2006。〈中印建交56週年：龍象共舞雙贏可期〉。《人民日報》。http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2006-03/31/content_4366210.htm。2006/03/31。
張力。2010。〈印度戰略崛起與中印關係：問題、趨勢與應對〉。《南亞研究季刊》2010年第1期：3-9。
張亞中。2002。〈中共的強權之路：地緣政治與全球化的挑戰〉。《遠景季刊》3，2：1-42。
張春燕。2010。〈美國南亞平衡戰略的延續─從小布什到奧巴馬〉。《南亞研究季刊》2010年第1期：34-38。
張登及。2013。〈「再平衡」對美中關係之影響：一個理論與政策的分析〉。《遠景基金會季刊》14，2：53-98。
陳文賢。2012。〈印度與巴基斯坦關係的演進〉。《新世紀智庫論壇》第59期：76-79。2012/09/30。
陳利君、許娟。2012。〈彈性均勢與中美印在印度洋上的經略〉。《南亞研究》2012年第4期：1-17。
陳欣之。2011。〈霸權與崛起強權的互動─美國對中國暨印度的策略〉。《遠景基金會季刊》12，1：1-40。
陳欣之。2011。〈崛起、挑戰與承繼霸權─崛起強權參與國際制度過程的觀察〉。《問題與研究》50，4：63-88。
陳牧民。2011。〈中印關係：龍象之爭或是中印大同？〉。宋鎮照、宋興洲等合著《當代中國的東亞外交策略與關係：區域霸權興起？》：227-254。台北：五南。
崔燕生、馬加力。1996。〈變化中的南亞形勢〉。《現代國際關係》1996年第3期：23-25。
陳鴻瑜。2012。〈中共總理溫家寶訪問印巴之行研析〉。2011年《展望與探索》月刊實評文集。台北：法務部調查局：133-138。
趙全勝。2010。《大國政治與外交─美國、日本、中國與大國關係管理》。台北：五南。
趙青海。2008。〈美印軍事合作及其制約因素〉。《國際問題研究》。2008年第5期：22-27。
緬甸FMIT中文網。2012。〈皎漂( Kyaukpyu )〉。http://fmit.biz/page/MyanmarInvestment/a9bfd35d8dac47e1af9f6a1520cc1da22。2012/11/22。
蔡志昇。2007。〈中國的航天戰略〉。翁明賢等編著《新戰略論》：331-353。台北：五南。
蔡東杰。2011。《當代中國外交政策》。台北：五南。
蔡東杰。2012。〈新世紀印度對大國之外交關係〉。《淡江國際與區域研究半月刊》1，1：35-62。
劉華清。2004。《劉華清回憶錄》。北京：解放軍出版社。
劉新華。2010。〈論中印關係中的印度洋問題〉。《太平洋學報》18，1：45-58。
劉慶。2010。〈「珍珠鍊戰略」：印度的認知與應對〉。《南亞研究季刊》2010年第2期：21-27。
盧業中。2011。〈中美關係：從「非敵非友」到「同舟共濟」？〉宋鎮照、宋興洲等合著《當代中國的東亞外交策略與關係：區域霸權興起？》：89-116。台北：五南。

三、網路資料
IEA.http://www.iea.org/.
OPEC.http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm.
U.S. Department of State Office of Historian.http://history.state.gov/
IBTIMES中文網。http://cn.ibtimes.com。
人民網。http://world.people.com.cn。
中國海洋信息網。http://www.coi.gov.cn。
中國新聞網。http://big5.ifeng.com。
中華人民共和國海關總署。http://www.customs.gov.cn/。
旺報。http://www.want-daily.com。
新華網。http://news.xinhuanet.com/。
經典雜誌。http://www.rhythmsmonthly.com。
國際在線。http://big5.cri.cn/