臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電動車及大型儲能系統需要高串聯電池組模組以提供足夠長程行駛之能量，然而鋰電池因製程等因素，每一電池芯的內阻與容量存在些微差異，此差異將隨著充放電循環次數逐漸加大，若置之不理將從電池芯間的差異性擴大到電池模組與模組之間，使得電池模組間無法處於一致的狀態，最終引起電池組過充、過放等問題，因此電池芯間或模組間的不一致性必須透過適當的管理系統及矯正才能完全發揮其效能。本論文的目的在研製一由多組電池陣列串並聯組程之大型儲電電池組，以模組化串並聯方式提升系統之電壓及容量，同時研擬一電池管理系統(Battery Management System, BMS)以管控每一顆鋰電池芯的充放電。所研擬之BMS包含階層式的電力管理系統(Hierarchical Power Management System, HPMS)與階層式能量的平衡系統(Hierarchical Energy Balance System, HEBS)，使得所有電池芯無論在充放電下都能快速達到平衡，所有電池芯都能得到完善保護，以確保儲能系統的儲電與充放電能力、壽命以及安全性。HPMS由電池監控單元(Cell Monitor Unit, CMU)與電池管理單元(Battery Management Unit, BMU)所組成，CMU負責電池的電壓與溫度監控，同時透過通訊與BMU溝通，BMU則負責所有電池模組SOC計算，充放電電壓及電流量測，模組溫度保護，對內與CMU及對外代表電池單元與系統之通訊等。HPMS則由電池芯平衡電路(cell balance circuit, CBC)、模組平衡電路(module balance circuit, MBC)與電池群平衡電路(battery group balance circuit, GBC)所組成，分別負責電池芯、電池模組與電池群等層級之電池容量平衡。本論文將利用上述技術規劃一200kWh之系統，並實際建製一由兩組GBC、八組MBC、40kWh之電池系統，由一些模擬與實測結果來驗證所提出技術之有效性。

The electrical vehicle and large scale energy storage system demands numerous battery modules in series. However, inevitable non-consistent manufacture makes battery module unequal internal resistance and capacity. The mismatch will be amplified as the increase of charge and discharge cycles. Ignore of this phenomenon will worsen the unbalance from cell to module level, resulting the problem of over charge or discharge. It has to correct this mismatch for ensuring the storage capacity. The objective of this thesis is to develop a battery management system (BMS) for a large battery system constituted with series battery modules. The BMS contains a Hierarchical Power Management System (HPMS) and a Hierarchical Energy Balance System (HEBS). HPMS is divided into the Cell Monitor Unit (CMU) and the Battery Management Unit (BMU). CMU is responsible for monitor of battery voltage and temperature and communication with BMU. BMU is responsible for calculation of state of charge (SOC), measurement of charge and discharge current and temperature protection of whole battery system. BMU also communicates with CMU to acquire all cell status. HEBS consists of cell balance circuit (CBC), module balance circuit (MBC) and battery group balance circuit (GBC). CBC, MBC and GBC are responsible for the balance of cell, module and group charge capacity, respectively. This thesis will draw up a 200kWh system and build a 40kWh system. The effectiveness of the proposed technology is confirmed with some simulation and experimental results.

目錄
摘 要..........................................I
Abstract.......................................III
目錄............................................IV
圖目錄..........................................VI
表目錄..........................................X
第一章 緒 論.....................................1
1.1論文背景......................................1
1.2論文目的......................................8
第二章 鋰電池參數及模型建立.......................15
2.1 鋰電池特性曲線...............................15
2.2 利用資料手冊建立PSIM之鋰電池模型[19.20.21]....17
2.3 電池模型之模擬驗證...........................20
第三章 系統之規劃及設計..........................24
3.1階層式能量的平衡系統之平衡電路架構.............24
3.2 CBC平衡電路及其充放電控制方法................26
3.3 MBC平衡電路及其充放電控制方法................31
3.4 GBC平衡電路及其充放電控制方法................40
3.5 階層式能量的平衡系統模擬.....................44
3.5.1 CBC之電池芯平衡之模擬.....................44
3.5.2 MBC與GBC之多電池模組平衡之模擬.............47
3.6 智慧型動態即時平衡設計.......................51
3.7 階層式的電力管理系統之設計...................54
3.7.1 CMU之系統架構.............................54
3.7.2 BMU之系統架構.............................55
3.8 軟體流程圖..................................56
第四章 電路製作與實驗結果........................57
4.1 電路製作....................................57
4.2實驗數據及波形...............................70
第五章 結論與未來研究方向........................84
5.1 結論.......................................84
5-2 未來研究方向................................84
參考文獻.......................................85

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