臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

出生於美國的作曲家葛利菲斯（Charles Tomlinson Griffes, 1884-1920）雖然他逝世時年僅三十六歲，但是他的作品中充滿獨立、成熟且兼容並蓄的多樣風格。他的作品風格融合了美國音樂傳統文化、德國嚴謹的作曲理論訓練、法國印象樂派的影響、對東方音樂的嚮往，與他本身愛好高度對大自然的敏銳及文學等等因素，而造就出葛利菲斯作品內容的豐富及當時在美國音樂史上的地位。
而筆者研究的作品《鋼琴奏鳴曲》，創作於1917 至1918 年間，並在1919年修訂。在這首作品中葛利菲斯一反之前的印象樂派風格，不僅充滿不協和音，而且為絕對音樂，沒有任何的意像存在，也沒有任何描述性的標題；另外，一直以來葛利菲斯的鋼琴作品多為單樂章形式、篇幅較短的小品，而此曲篇幅較長，演奏時間大約十五分鐘，是什麼原因讓作曲家在長度與風格上做這樣劇烈的變動，是讓筆者好好探討研究的目標。
故在本論文中，筆者首先根據Donna K. Anderson 在Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music 一書中的劃分，將葛利菲斯的生平劃分為三個時期，分別介紹各時期的重要背景，並在第二節中，統整出其創作風格的演變；在第三章中則進入樂曲本身，介紹《鋼琴奏鳴曲》的創作背景與當代人對於本曲的評論；接下來則針對樂曲的曲式結構與旋律素材的應用進行樂曲分析；最後，在第五章中結合前一章節的樂曲分析做為詮釋探討的基礎。

音樂會曲目：
巴哈: 義大利組曲第四首，作品 828
貝多芬: 鋼琴奏鳴曲第三十一首，作品110
布拉姆斯: 《舒曼主題變奏曲》，作品九
穆欽斯基: 觸技曲， 作品十五

As an American composer, Charles Tomlinson Griffes (1884-1920), although passing away at an age of 36, possessed independent, mature and all-embracing styles
in his compositions. His works are combined with the traditional cultures of American music and strict training in composing from Germany, his influence by French
Impressionists, his yearning for Oriental music and his preference for a highsensitivity to both nature and literature, all of which lead to a great diversity in
Griffes’s compositions and hence his status in contemporary American music.
This thesis focuses on Griffes’s Piano Sonata, written between 1917 and 1918 and revised in 1919. In opposition to Griffes’s previous musical Impressionism, not only is this work filled with dissonant tones, but is also presented in the form of absolute music, free from any illustrations and descriptive themes. Moreover,
Griffes’s works for piano had been mostly in single movements and short pieces, while this one was written in longer pieces, having an approximately 15-minute
length of performance. Therefore, it’s worthwhile to investigate what caused such a great variation in the length and style of Griffes’s compositions.
In this thesis, based on the book by Donna K. Anderson, Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music, the author separates Griffes’s life into three periods and introduces in detail their backgrounds, and summarizes the progression of Griffes’s composing style throughout these periods in Section 2. Chapter 3 describes the writing of Piano Sonata and comments from contemporary musicians, and analyzes this song according to its structure and application of melodies in the following chapter. Finally, Chapter 5, in combination with the analysis in the last chapter as a basis, provides a good interpretation for Griffes’s change in his composing style reflected by Piano Sonata.

Program:
J.S.Bach: Partita No. 4, BWV 828
L.v. Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 31, Op. 110
J. Brahms: Variations on a Theme of Schumann, Op. 9
R. Muczynski: Toccata, Op. 15

第一章 緒論 1
第二章 葛利菲斯生平與音樂風格演變 5
第一節 早期（1884-1911）5
第二節 中期（1911-1917）9
第三節 晚期（1917-1920）11
第四節 葛利菲斯音樂風格演變及特色 12
第三章 《鋼琴奏鳴曲》之創作背景 18
第一節 創作時間與首演地點 18
第二節 當代對於《鋼琴奏鳴曲》的評論 20
第四章 《鋼琴奏鳴曲》之樂曲分析 21
第一節 曲式架構與調性 21
第二節 旋律素材的運用 38
第五章 《鋼琴奏鳴曲》之詮釋探討 50
第一節 第一樂章（呈示部）50
第二節 第二樂章（發展部）59
第三節 第三樂章（再現部）63
第六章 結論 71
附錄一 雙結構奏鳴曲式，曲式結構圖表 74
附錄二 葛利菲斯作品年代表 76
參考書目 85

辭條
Anderson, Donna K (2010). “Griffes, Charles T.”. The Grove Music Online.(Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com.
Hopkins, Charles (2010). “Ganz, Rudolf”. The Grove Music Online. (Accessed04/10/2010). http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com
Wikipedia (2010). “Functional harmony”. (Accessed 26/02/2010).http://en.wikipedia.org
Wikipedia (2010). “Prix de Rome”. (Accessed 27/02/2010). http://en.wikipedia.org
Wikipedia (2010). “The Devil’ s Interval”. (Accessed 07/12/2010)http://en.wikipedia.org
五十嵐正（1999）。〈Hemiola〉，《新訂標準音樂辭典》（上冊）。林勝儀譯。台北：美樂出版社。頁822。
岩浪洋三（1999）。〈Wagner, Richard〉，《新訂標準音樂辭典》（下冊）。林勝儀譯。台北：美樂出版社。頁1979-1986。
長谷川良夫/早川正昭（1999）。〈Leading motive〉，《新訂標準音樂辭典》（上冊）。林勝儀譯。台北：美樂出版社。頁1025。

專書
Anderson, Donna K. (1977). Charles T. Griffes: An Annotated
Bibliography-Discography. Detroit: College Music Society.
Anderson, Donna K. (1993). Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music. Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Burge, David (1990). Twentieth-Century Piano Music. New York: Schirmer Books.
Maisel, Edward M. (1984). Charles T. Griffes: the Life of an American Composer.(Original 1943) New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

期刊
Anderson, Donna K. (1990). “The Songs of Charles Griffes by Paul Sperry; Charles Griffes”. Notes, Second Series, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 231-232. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Archibald, Bruce (1968). “Review Three Preludes by Charles T. Griffes”. Notes, Second Series, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 136. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Barela, Margaret Mary (1987). “Review Solo Piano Music , vols. 1-4 by Edward MacDowell; Charles T. Griffes”. American Music, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.231-233.
(Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Bauer, Marion (1943). “Charles T. Griffes as I Remember Him”. The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 355-380. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Bomberger, E. Douglas (1994). “Review Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music. by Donna K. Anderson”. American Music, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 328-329. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Davis, Ronald L. (1994). “Review Charles Martin Loeffler: A Life Apart in American Music. By Ellen Knight and Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music. by Donna K. Anderson”. The Journal of American History, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 757-758.
(Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Dickinson, Peter (1979). “Two Americans”. The Musical Times, Vol. 120, No. 1636, pp. 489-490. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Dickinson, Peter (1985). “Americana”. The Musical Times, Vol. 126, No. 1708, p. 349. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Dickinson, Peter (1994). “Review Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music by Donna K. Anderson”. Music & Letters, Vol. 75, No.2, pp. 301-304. (Accessed 20/01/2010).
http://www.jstor.org.
Haydon, Glen (1945). “Review Charles T. Griffes by Edward M. Maisel”. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 3, No.11/12, pp. 103-104. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Jackson, Richard (1978). “Review Charles Griffes: An Annotated Bibliography-Discography by Donna K. Anderson”. Notes, Second Series, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 298-299. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Kenselaar, Robert (1985). “Review The Works of Charles T. Griffes: A Descriptive Catalogue by Donna K. Anderson; Charles T. Griffes”. Notes, Second Series, Vol. 41, No.3, pp. 519-520. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Lowens, Margery Morgan (1995). “Review Charles T. Griffes: A Life in Music by Donna K. Anderson” Notes, Second Series, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 104-105. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
MacDonald, Calum (1985). “Review The Works of Charles T. Griffes: A Descriptive Catalogue by Donna K. Anderson; Charles T. Griffes”. Tempo, New Series, No. 154, pp. 43-44. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.
Miller, Philip Lieson (1985). “Review Songs by Charles T. Griffes” American Music. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 375-377. (Accessed 20/01/2010). http://www.jstor.org.

西文論文
Fabbro, Renato Sergio (2001). “The Stylistic of Charles Griffes’s Piano Music:Roman Sketches, Op. 7 and Piano Sonata (1917-18)”. D. M. A. diss., Houston:
Rice University.
Ishii, Reiko (2005). “The Development of Extended Piano Techniques in Twentieth-Century American Music”. D. M. diss., Florida: The Florida State University College of Music.
Walton, Peggy Marie (1988). “The Music of Charles Tomlinson Griffes; Harbinger of American Art Music’s Transition Into The Modern Age”. M. M. diss., Houston:
Rice University.

中文論文
周雨音（2003）。《葛瑞菲斯鋼琴作品羅馬素描之寫作手法與詮釋》。示範講習會論文，台北：東吳大學音樂學系碩士班。

錄音資料
Lewin, Michael. Complete Piano Works, Volume I by Charles Tomlinson Griffes (1884-1920). NAXOS.CD 8.559023
Starr, Susan. RAVEL, M.: Tombeau de Couperin (Le) / GRIFFES, C.T.: 3 Tone-Pictures / Piano Sonata. Orion. CD LAN0027.

樂譜資料
Griffes, Charles Tomlinson. Sonata for Piano. NY: G. Schirmer, 1921. HL50275540.