臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在早期的研究統計中，發現超過99.9%的紅色精靈是由正極性雲對地閃電所觸發，由於先前的研究主要為地面觀測，觀測範圍有所限制。因此在福衛二號衛星發射升空後，首次獲得了全球性的紅色精靈極性統計與分佈圖。並發現了20%以上的負極性紅色精靈事件，且負極性事件集中於緯度20度以內，這樣的結果與先前的結果有所差異，推測為之前的地面觀測站緯度偏高導致觀測到負極性事件較為稀少。成大目前運行中的地面光學觀測網路為目前極少數位於低緯度地區的觀測系統。因此本論文將使用台灣附近地面觀測資料，搭配安裝於鹿林天文台的極低頻磁場天線系統，對台灣附近的紅色精靈事件進行分析，希望能對於低緯度區域的紅色精靈極性有更進一步的瞭解。
在本研究中，分析了2015、2016年間共813個事件，總共確認了15個負極性紅色精靈，佔所有事件的比例為1.85%，雖然比例少於福衛二號資料所統計的結果，但仍舊與早期中高緯度區域地面觀測研究結果有顯著差異。而有約27%左右的負極性事件伴隨著精靈暈盤的發生，有8個事件是成群出現，且形狀為柱狀，而紅色精靈的電荷矩分析結果也顯示負極性事件之電荷矩平均值會低於正極性事件之電荷矩，與之前的研究結果吻合。這些結果提供了負極性紅色精靈放電過程的理論模型一些重要的線索與特徵。

Williams et al. (2007) summazied that more than 99.9% sprites are initiated by positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) and high charge moment change (CMC). After the launch of Formosat-2, the Imager of Sprite Upper Atmosphere Lightning (ISUAL) obtained the sprite globally for the first time and had a chance to investigate their polarities. The result surprisingly indicated that more than 20% of sprite events were triggered by negative cloud-to-ground lightning, totally different from the previous statistic results. Furthermore, most of negative sprites distribute over low latitude, and more than 80% negative sprites appear with halo signatures. The Taiwan optical TLE ground network, which consists of four stations is the only low-latitude observation facility in the world, and is capable to validate the above conclusions and explore the polarity of sprite around Taiwan with the assistance of the Lulin ELF obversations.
In this study, 813 sprite events captured by Taiwan optical TLE ground network from 2015 to 2016 are carefully analyzed. 15 negative sprites, approximately 1.85% of all events, were identified. Although the ratio of the negative sprite is less than the result obtained by ISUAL, this ratio is still significantly higher than the finding proposed by Williams et al. In the identified negative sprites, more than 27% events appeared with halo signatures, and 8 events appear in groups and the morphology of them is columnar. The derived CMCs of the sprites demonstrates that the CMC of negative sprites is averagely lower than the one of the positive sprites, and it is consistent with the finding by ISUAL observation. These results reveal some crucial characteristics and clues for the theoretical model of negative sprite.

摘要I
EXTENDED ABSTRACT II
致謝VII
第1章緒論1
1.1高空短暫發光現象1
1.2閃電與紅色精靈3
1.3紅色精靈之研究成果6
1.4研究動機與目的8
第2章科學資料介紹9
2.1地面觀測網路資料9
2.2閃電極低頻磁場量測系統14
第3章地面觀測資料與鹿林天線資料結合之分析方法18
3.1建立台灣附近紅色精靈觀測事件資料庫19
3.1.1判定象限與經緯度20
3.1.2閃電的觸發時間22
3.2對應磁場訊號與地面觀測資料庫25
3.2.1決定放電事件瞬變現象26
3.2.2判斷事件極性31
3.3電荷矩的計算34
第4章紅色精靈特性之分析結果36
4.1紅色精靈於台灣分布統計36
4.2紅色精靈電荷矩的統計41
4.3負極性事件之特性44
第5章結論與未來展望46
參考文獻48

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