臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究開發一套基於MATLAB/Simulink的太陽能模組軟體模型，此模型是以C語言編寫的S-函數自訂函式，以用於搭配Simulink所提供的模擬平台，進行太陽能發電系統的模擬，協助研究處理各種太陽能發電問題。太陽能模組軟體模型模擬之結果，與實際太陽能模組間之功率誤差最大約為1.1 W(4.4 %)。
在架設太陽能相關研究實驗系統時，若採用太陽能模組當成電源，此時所需架構的周邊系統非常龐雜，成本較高，所以本研究同時開發一套以DSP和降壓式轉換器為核心，容量為300W/60V且具有部分遮陰效果之太陽能模組模擬器，供研究使用，以降低研究成本，有其實用價值。此模擬裝置的開發設計，是利用自行開發的太陽能模組軟體模型，參與模擬設計，同時驗證軟體模型的實用性。經由實作成品與實際太陽能模組之特性比對，其功率誤差最大約為1.6 W(6 %)，確認了本裝置在太陽能發電相關研究中，確實可替代實際太陽能模組。
本文嘗試針對兩個太陽能模組並聯且照度不均勻之情況進行建模，發現所建之模型在使用上有所限制。在研究解決方法時，發現了將分散式太陽能模組並聯至直流微電網這種新方案，避免了在太陽能模組這一級的並聯接線，用以解決因為部分模組被遮陰，而造成輸出功率減損之問題。因此嘗試將此太陽能軟體模型，應用在一個直流-直流順向式轉換器的模擬設計上，該轉換器是用以轉換分散式太陽能模組之電能至直流微電網，經模擬驗證，該轉換器之電壓調整率小於1 %，且於並上直流微電網後，確實可將太陽能模組之電能，傳送至電網上，除了確認本軟體模型在應用上的多樣性，同時也驗證了新方案之可行性。

This research develops a software model for photovoltaic modules based on MATLAB/Simulink platform; this software model could simulate the photovoltaic power system and assist the researchers to handle various photovoltaic power issues. The maximum error between software model and a reference reality PV module in power is about 1.1 W (4.4 %).
When using photovoltaic modules to setup research experiment system, the required peripheral systems is very complex, and high cost. Therefore, this study also develops a 300W/60V emulator considering partial shading effects which is an integration of buck converter, DSP, some detectors and rectifier. It could apply to much kind of photovoltaic researches in order to reduce research costs. The software model for photovoltaic modules which is developed in this research is applied to design and develop this emulator; by the way, the practicability of the software model is checked. The maximum error between emulator and a reference reality PV module in power is about 1.6 W (6 %). The emulator could replace reality PV module in some kinds of researches about solar power.
This disseration attempts to build a model of two PV modules in parallel and uneven illumination. A restriction of the model has been found. When looking for a solution of the restriction, a proposal that the distributed PV modules connect with a DC microgrid in parallel is found. This approach avoids the parallel connection of PV modules. When some paralleled PV modules are shaded caused the output power derogation, this issue can be resolved by the approach. Therefore, the software model of photovoltaic modules is applied to a DC-DC forward converter’s design and the proposal’s verification. The software model of photovoltaic modules is combined with some models in SimPowerSystems to build the model of a basic element of a DC microgrid. The basic element includes a photovoltaic module and a forward converter. The output voltage regulation of the forward converter is less than 1 %, and the output power of a PV module is converted to the DC microgrid by checking the simulation results of the basic element’s model and the DC microgrid system model. On the same time, the software model of the photovoltaic module is multipurpose is verified.

目　　錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
致　　謝 IV
目　　錄 V
符號索引 IX
圖 目 錄 XI
表 目 錄 XV
第一章　緒　　論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 3
1.3 研究限制與貢獻 7
1.4 章節概要 9
第二章　太陽能模組之模型建立 11
2.1 太陽能電池與模組之特性 11
2.1.1 太陽能電池之發電原理 11
2.1.2 太陽能電池的等效電路 15
2.1.3 太陽能陣列及保護二極體的組成 19
2.1.4 太陽能模組之特性曲線 26
2.1.5 太陽能模組部分遮陰之特性曲線分析 30
2.2 應用MATLAB/Simulink建構太陽能模組模型 36
2.2.1 MATLAB/Simulink介紹 36
2.2.2 應用S-函數建構太陽能模組之模型 38
2.2.3 兩個太陽能模組串聯且照度不均勻之模型建構 42
2.2.4 兩個太陽能模組並聯且照度不均勻之模型建構 47
2.3 太陽能模組軟體模型與實體之比對驗證 51
2.4 本章結論 53
第三章　太陽能模組模擬裝置之模擬設計 54
3.1 前言 54
3.2 設計條件與模擬設定 54
3.3 降壓式直流-直流轉換電路原理分析 56
3.4 降壓式轉換電路之模擬設定 60
3.5 太陽能模組模擬裝置之軟體模擬系統建構 62
3.5.1 太陽能模組模擬裝置均勻照度下之模型建構 63
3.5.2 兩模組串聯且照度不均勻之太陽能模組模擬裝置建模 73
3.5.3 兩模組並聯且照度不均勻之太陽能模組模擬裝置建模 75
3.6 本章結論 76
第四章　太陽能模組模擬裝置之實作驗證 78
4.1 前言 78
4.2 系統硬體電路架構 78
4.3 降壓式轉換器元件及週邊電路設計 79
4.3.1 功率電晶體元件選擇 79
4.3.2 飛輪二極體選擇 80
4.3.3 功率電晶體閘極驅動電路 80
4.3.4 功率電晶體緩衝電路 81
4.4 回授電路 83
4.4.1 電壓回授電路 83
4.4.2 電流回授電路 83
4.5 數位訊號處理器之控制軟體規劃 83
4.6 實作案例驗證 86
4.6.1 實體太陽能模組與單一模組模式之特性曲線比較 87
4.6.2 不同日照量下兩個模組串聯與並聯模式實測特性曲線 88
4.7 本章結論 92
第五章　應用於太陽能模組之順向式轉換器設計與模擬驗證 93
5.1 前言 93
5.2 順向式轉換器架構 94
5.3 模擬設計案例 95
5.3.1 順向式轉換器之模型 95
5.3.2 太陽能模組軟體模型之修訂 96
5.3.3 直流微電網基礎單元模擬之建構 96
5.3.4 模擬結果與分析 98
5.4 分散式太陽能模組並聯上直流微電網之模擬 100
5.4.1 太陽能模組軟體模型之修改 100
5.4.2 順向式轉換器之模型修改 101
5.4.3 負載阻抗之模型修改 101
5.4.4 分散式太陽能模組並聯上直流微電網之模型建構 102
5.4.5 分散式太陽能模組並聯上直流微電網模擬結果與分析 102
5.5 本章結論 105
第六章　結論與未來展望 107
6.1 結論 107
6.2 未來展望 108
參考文獻 110
作者簡介 116

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