臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，植入式生醫元件如人工耳蝸、人工視網膜、腦部深層電刺激等裝置被廣泛應用於治療人體疾病。然而由於現階段電池容量與體積的限制，使得這些植入式裝置面臨頻繁更換電池的窘境。隨著無線電力傳輸技術的發展，植入式生醫元件可藉由無線充電方式對體內電池進行充電，亦或是無線傳輸電能直接提供植入式裝置使用。為了將無線電力傳輸技術更廣泛應用於植入式生醫元件，無線電力傳輸系統必須提升轉換效率、減少功率損耗，並且能夠在傳輸距離改變的情況下維持正常運作。
本論文提出一操作於6.78百萬赫茲的無線電力傳輸系統，包括接收端局域控制機制與全域調節機制以提升轉換效率、延長系統操作範圍。在功率接收端的部分藉由局域控制電路控制0倍/1倍穩壓整流器的運作，實現單一級整流穩壓轉換，使接收端產生5伏特輸出電壓。整流器電路中採用了動態延遲補償機制，使整流器能夠自動校正開關導通延遲時間，以提高整流器轉換效率；此外，整流器亦具備軟啟動功能，使功率接收端能在輸出電壓極低時藉由被動模式開始整流對負載進行充電。另一方面，本論文在功率傳輸端提出新型共構式功率放大器電路，能夠藉由全域調節機制藉由改變電路架構調整傳輸功率，使系統在傳輸及負載情形改變時皆能維持高轉換效率。本論文所提出的無線電力傳輸系統是在台積電0.25微米製程下製作，量測結果顯示在0.5公分傳輸距離、輸出功率為125毫瓦下，接收端轉換效率與系統效率分別可達88.5%和64.1%。

Wireless power transfer has been widely studied in recent years and has been applied in implantable medical devices such as artificial cochlea, retinal implants, deep brain stimulation (DBS), etc. In this thesis, a 6.78 MHz wireless power transfer system with reconfigurable power amplifier at primary side and regulating rectifier at secondary side is presented. The proposed regulating rectifier achieves one-stage voltage rectification plus regulation through local-loop control of two operation modes. An adaptive offset compensation technique for rectifier is utilized to eliminate reverse current caused by rectifier turn-on/off delays and improves power conversion efficiency (PCE) under coupling variation. Self-startup mechanism for rectifier is also adopted in the proposed rectifier to ensure secondary system begin function normally even when output voltage is 0V. The local-loop information from secondary side is sent back to primary side to adjust transmitter power. Transmitter power adjustment is realized by the proposed novel reconfigurable power amplifier and four-bit power code control. The reconfigurable power amplifier achieves transmitter power control in a single stage, the deduction of additional DC-DC converter at primary side improves the PCE of primary system. The primary transmitter and secondary receiver are fabricated in 0.25 m CMOS process using 5-V devices, the receiver regulates output voltage at 5V and delivers a maximum power of 250mW. The measured peak efficiency of receiver and total system reaches 88.5% and 64.1% respectively under 125mW output power.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgements III
Contents V
Figure Captions VII
Table Captions X
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Categories of Wireless Power Transfer 2
1.3 Concepts of Inductive Coupling 4
1.3.1 Inductive Coupling Theory 4
1.3.2 Magnetic Resonant Coupling 6
1.4 Inductive Wireless Power Transfer System 8
1.4.1 Power Amplifier 9
1.4.2 Rectifier 11
1.5 Motivation 13
1.6 Thesis Organization 14
Chapter 2 Literature Reviews on Wireless Power Transfer System 15
2.1 Offset Compensation for Active Rectifier 15
2.2 Resonant Regulating Rectifier 17
2.3 Transmitter Power Control 20
Chapter 3 Proposed Wireless Power Transfer System 23
3.1 System Architecture 23
3.2 Regulating Rectifier with Local-loop Control 25
3.2.1 0X/1X Regulating Rectifier 26
3.2.2 Local Loop Information for Global Loop Power Control 27
3.3 Comparator Design and Adaptive Offset Compensation 29
3.3.1 Adaptive Offset Compensation Scheme 30
3.3.2 Common-Gate Comparator Design 33
3.3.3 Multi-pulsing Prevention Logic 35
3.4 Startup Topology for Rectifier 36
3.5 Transmitter Power Control 37
3.5.1 Reconfigurable Class-D Power Amplifier 37
3.5.2 Transmitter Power Adjustment and Power Setting Code 39
3.5.3 Duty Ratio Detection Circuit 43
Chapter 4 Experimental Results 45
4.1 Chip Micrograph 45
4.2 Measurement Setup 47
4.2.1 Chip Measurement and PCB Design 47
4.2.2 Resonant Coil Design 48
4.3 Measurement Results 49
4.4 Discussion 55
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Works 60
5.1 Conclusion 60
5.2 Future Works 61
5.2.1 Wireless Data Feedback 61
5.2.2 Wireless Battery Charger 61
5.2.3 Battery-less Multiple Output Receiver 62
References 63

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