臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

卡丁車輪胎在生產過程中，可分為精練-押出-壓延-裁斷-成形-加硫-檢測六大主要製程，整個製程完後，需對輪胎進行各項檢驗，例如外觀、尺寸，硬度等。其中於加硫完後，由於溫度的變化使輪胎產生熱脹冷縮現象，導致各輪胎周長不一，因此，制定了尺寸基準來針對輪胎進行周長量測與分類。而目前卡丁胎尺寸量測均以皮尺進行量測，會有量測精度不足、量測誤差大，及效率低等問題，故需設計一套自動化及高精度之檢測系統，取代現有模式。
本研究藉由影像處理技術搭配雷射光特性，結合雷射位移計、攝影機、紅光線雷射、輪胎夾持機構、三軸移動平台、旋轉平台及自行開發檢測軟體，建構出輪胎外型之自動檢測系統。本系統針對各輪胎進行輪胎辨識、位置調整及尺寸參數量測，取代人工檢測模式，提高檢測效率與量測精度，並將輪胎所量測的輪廓數據，以三維方式模擬出輪胎斷面，供輪胎分析所用。
為了驗證本系統量測性能，故對本系統進行重複性分析，並以商用三次元量床驗證本系統之準確性，由實驗結果顯示本量測系統之周長重複性在0.04mm內，準確性在0.73mm內，輪廓重複性在0.85mm內，準確性在1.7mm內，因此，此一輪胎量測系統可達到自動化檢測需求。

In manufacture processing of the karting tires, there are six main procedures including mixing, extruding, calendaring, cutting, building, and inspection. After the processing, the specifications of the tires as profile, dimension, and hardness inspection etc. must be checked. After the molding, the change of temperature produces thermal expansion and contraction of the tire that lead to the tire circumference varies. Therefore, circumference measurement and classification for the tires are indispensible. Currently, the inspection of karting tire parameters is measured by tapes. In this way, there will be some problems of measurement accuracy, measurement error, and low efficiency. Therefore, instead of present manual inspection mode, automatic and high precision measurement system has been developed.
In this investigation, image processing technology and characteristic of laser are applied for development of automatic measurement system by integration of laser displacement sensor, CCD camera, line laser, tire clamping mechanism, x-y-z stage, hollow rotary platform and self-developed inspection software. By the system, tire recognition, position readjustment of laser and dimensional parameters of the tire can be automatically measured. The measurement accuracy and efficiency will be enhanced by aid of this system and conventional manual inspection method can be replaced. According to measurement data of profile, tire section with three-dimensional mode can be determined and that will be available for subsequent analysis of tires.
To verify the measurement characteristics of this system, its repeatability analysis has been performed. To demonstrate the accuracy of the developed system, comparison measurements with coordinate measuring machines as the reference standard have been accomplished. The analysis results show that the circumference precision of 0.04mm and the profile precision of 0.85mm can be achieved by this measurement system. There are 0.73mm differences in circumference measurement and 0.85mm differences in profile measurement between the results of the developed system and that of the standard system.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與目的 1
1.3文獻回顧與技術發展 1
1.4論文概述 3
第二章量測原理 4
2.1感測器構造量測原理 4
2.1.1攝影機 4
2.1.2雷射位移計 5
2.2影像處理 7
2.2.1 Sobel邊緣檢測 7
2.2.2高增濾波器(High-boost filter) 8
2.2.3統計式門檻值決定法(Otsu) 9
2.2.4影像二值化 10
2.2.5影像與尺寸單位元轉換 11
2.3卡丁車胎參數定義 12
2.4卡丁車胎檢測流程 13
2.4.1輪胎旋轉軸軸心對位 14
2.4.2量測位置調整 15
2.4.3輪胎辨識 21
2.4.4輪胎周長量測 23
2.4.5輪胎輪廓量測 25
第三章檢測系統 28
3.1卡丁車胎量測系統 28
3.1.1系統架構 28
3.1.2硬體設備 29
3.1.3軟體量測流程 32
3.1.4介面說明 33
3.2驗證設備 34
第四章量測結果與分析 35
4.1輪胎旋轉軸偏心補償分析 35
4.2輪胎周長量測位置調整誤差分析 35
4.3輪胎周長 35
4.3.1重複性分析 35
4.3.2準確性分析 37
4.4輪胎輪廓 37
4.4.1重複性分析 37
4.4.2準確性分析 39
4.5三維輪胎斷面重建結果 41
第五章結論與建議 43
參考文獻 45

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