臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Risk Factors for Pulmonary Nodules on Low-Dose Lung CT Screening
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors of lung nodules which were detected by screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).
Materials and methods:
We evaluated 275 males and 225 females (aged 20–94 years) who took their health examination on LDCT scan without previous respiratory diseases and history of cancers at Taoyuan General Hospital between January 2017 and July 2017. Information about lifestyle and health status was obtained through an extensive questionnaire prior to the LDCT evaluation. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for lung nodules.
Results:
Totally 768 nodules in 272 participants were detected on LDCT. In terms of age, there was a significant difference in the presence of lung nodules between the over 50-year-old participants and the under 50-year-old participants (odds ratio OR =1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.097–2.236, p=0.007). We observed the risk of nodule of over 50-year-old females was nearly twice greater than that of under 50-year-old females (OR=1.85; 95% CI=1.010–2.914, p=0.003). Smoking people were twice more likely to have ≤5 mm nodules (OR=2.00; 95%CI=1.055–3.367, p=0.031) and 5–10 mm nodules (OR=2.15; 95%CI=1.087–4.255, p=0.025) than non-smokers.
Conclusion:
Risk factors for the presence of nodules were the age of 50 and smoking. Our study highly suggests smoking females over 50 years of age even without previous respiratory diseases and history of cancers should undertake routine LDCT to investigate lung nodule.
Key words: Pulmonary nodule; Computed tomography; Risk factors for lung nodules

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Verification letter from the thesis oral defense committee…………………………I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II
ABSTRACT III
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VII
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background 1
1.1.1. Definition of pulmonary nodule 1
1.1.2. Nodule categorization 2
1.1.3. Causes for lung nodules 4
1.1.4. The symptoms of pulmonary nodules 5
1.2. CT Technique 6
1.2.1. Principle of CT 6
1.2.2. Comparison of low-dose CT (LDCT) and X-ray radiographs (CXR) in detecting lung nodules 9
1.2.3. Comparison of low-dose CT (LDCT) and standard-dose CT in detecting lung nodules 10
1.2.4. Literature review of the current use of LDCT in detecting lung nodules……. 12
1.3. Purpose 14
CHAPTER II: MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
2.1. Subjects 15
2.2. Low dose CT procedures and techniques 15
2.2.1. CT protocols 15
2.2.2. CT procedures 16
2.3. Statistical Analysis 17
CHAPTER III: RESULTS 18
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics at Enrollment 18
3.2. Nodule Characteristics 19
CHAPTER IV: DISCUSSION 29
4.1. Risk factors for pulmonary nodules 30
4.1.1. Possibility of malignancy 33
4.1.2. History of Lung diseases 34
4.2. Nodule characteristics 35
4.2.1. Size of pulmonary nodules 35
4.2.2. Quantity of pulmonary nodules 38
4.2.3. Locations of Lung nodules 39
4.3. Low-dose CT techniques 40
4.4. Limitations 41
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 42
REFERENCES 43

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