臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文為極化可塑性四極化天線設計。為了因應整合型通訊系統對於極化掃描的要求，本論文提出利用控制pin diodes的偏壓來切換天線的極化狀態，達成雙圓極化以及雙線性極化的操作。天線的極化狀態決定於天線共振結構的不同或是饋入訊號的差異，因此藉由控制pin diodes的偏壓來改變天線的共振結構，或改變天線饋入結構，四極化天線即很容易的被實現。目前為止，極少天線能夠設計成同時能操作於雙圓極化和雙線性極化，在本論文中將pin diodes應用於微帶天線以及槽孔耦合天線上，並藉由著不同的設計方法，成功設計出利用單一天線即可以操作於雙圓極化以及雙線性極化輻射。

In this thesis, novel reconfigurable patch antennas for quadri-polarization diversity are designed and fabricated. To satisfy the requirement of polarization diversity in the integrated communication systems, we propose the idea of switching the polarization statuses of antennas by controlling the bias of pin diodes in this thesis. This way, antennas are operated between dual-linear and dual-circular polarization. The polarization statuses of antennas are decided by either different resonating structures or different feeding signals. Therefore, by controlling the bias of pin diodes to change the resonating structures or different feeding signals, quadric-polarization antennas can be realized easily. Presently few antennas can be operated both in dual-linear and dual-circular statuses. In this thesis we apply pin diodes in patch antenna and aperture coupled antenna. By the two design methods mentioned above, single antenna can be operated between dual-linear polarization and dual-circular polarization.

目 錄
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
謝誌 iii
目錄 iv
圖錄 v

第一章 導論 1
1.1 工程背景與研究動機 1
1.2 內容提要 2

第二章 極化天線設計原理 4
2.1 概述 4
2.2 極化狀態概述 5
2.2.1 線性極化 5
2.2.2 橢圓極化 5
2.2.3 圓極化 6
2.3 極化天線設計 7
2.3.1 線性極化天線設計 7
2.3.2 圓極化天線設計 8
2.3.2.1 雙饋入圓極化天線 8
2.3.2.2 單饋入圓極化天線 9
2.3.2.3 圓極化天線增益 10

第三章 四極化微帶天線設計 11
3.1 概述 12
3.2 天線設計原理 14
3.2.1 四分之ㄧ波長阻抗轉換 15
3.2.2 支幹耦合器 16
3.2.3 雙圓極化微帶天線設計 18
3.2.4 雙線性極化微帶天線設計 18
3.3 模擬結果與實作分析 19
3.4 心得與討論 26

第四章 四極化槽孔耦合圍帶天線設計 27
4.1 概述 28
4.2 天線設計原理 30
4.2.1 饋入電路 33
4.2.2 雙圓極化操作 33
4.2.3 雙線性極化操作 34
4.3 實作分析 34
4.4 心得與討論 38

第五章 結論 40

參考文獻 42

圖 目 錄
圖2-1 不同極化狀態其瞬間電場向量隨時間變動關係 5
圖2-2 雙饋入圓極化微帶天線激發方式 8
圖2-3 常見單饋入圓極化天線 9
圖2-4 單饋入圓極化天線兩正交模態的振幅與相位隨頻率變化情形9
圖2-5 圓極化天線輻射場型說明 10
圖3-1 利用雙天線做極化掃描之天線結構圖 12
圖3-2 利用單一天線做極化掃描之天線結構圖 12
圖3-3 利用pin diodes做雙圓極化之天線結構圖 13
圖3-4 利用pin diodes做三種極化狀態之天線結構圖 14
圖3-5 四極化天線結構示意圖 14
圖3-6 微帶線結構圖 15
圖3-7 微帶線饋入 16
圖3-8 支幹耦合器架構示意圖 16
圖3-9 雙圓極化天線反射損耗模擬圖 19
圖3-10 雙圓極化天線輻射場形模擬圖 19
圖3-11 雙線性極化天線反射損耗模擬圖 20
圖3-12 雙線性極化天線輻射場形模擬圖 24
圖3-13 實作天線照片 25
圖3-14 雙圓極化之反射損耗量測圖 23
圖3-15 雙線性極化之反射損耗量測圖 23
圖3-16 雙圓極化之輻射場型 24
圖3-17 雙線性極化之輻射場型 24
圖4-1 雙線性極化槽孔天線 29
圖4-2 圓極化槽孔天線 29
圖4-3 四埠槽孔耦合天線 30
圖4-4 四極化槽孔耦合天線 31
圖4-5 雙圓極化槽孔耦合天線饋入端實作照片 35
圖4-6 雙線性極化槽孔耦合天線饋入端實作照片 35
圖4-7 雙圓極化反射損耗圖 36
圖4-8 雙線性極化反射損耗圖 36
圖4-9 雙圓極化輻射場形 37
圖4-10 雙線性極化輻射場形 37

表 目 錄
表3-1 四極化微帶天線效能 25
表4-1 四極化槽孔耦合天線量測效能表 38

1. M.-A. Kossel, R. Kung, H. Benedickter, and W. Bachtold,
“An active tagging systems using circular-polarization
modulation,” Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 47,
No. 12, pp. 2242-2248, December 1999.
2. Shyh-Tirng Fang, “A Novel Polarization Diversity
Antenna for WLAN Application,” Antennas and Propagation
Society International Symposium, 2000. IEEE Vol. 1, pp.
282 - 285, July 2000.
3. Kin-Lu Wong and Tzung-Wern Chiou, “ Finite Ground Plane
Effects on Broad-Band Dual Polarized Patch Antenna
Properties,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 51, NO. 4, 2003.
4. Fan Yang and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, “ A Reconfigurable
Patch Antenna Using Switchable Slots for Circular
Polarization Diversity,” Microwave and Wireless
Components Letters, IEEE, Vol. 12, pp. 96 - 98, March
2002.
5. Y. J. Sung , T.U. Jang , “A Reconfigurable Microstrip
Antenna for Switchable Polarization, ” IEEE Microwave
and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 14, pp. 534 - 536,
Nov. 2004.
6. Matthias K. Fries, Mischa Grani, and Rudiger Vahldieck,
“ A Reconfigurable Slot Antenna With Switchable
Polarization,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components
Letters, Vol. 13, pp. 490 - 492, Nov. 2003.
7. M. Boti, L. Dussopt and J.-M. Laheurte, “ Circular
polarized antenna with switchable polarization sense,”
Electronics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 18, 2000.
8. F. Tang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “ Switchable dual-band
circularly polarised patch antenna with single feed,”
Electronics Letters, Vol. 37, No. 16, 2001.
9. Fan Yang and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, “Patch Antenna with
Switchable Slot (PASS) : Dual-Frequency Operation,”
IEEE Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 31,
No. 3, pp. 165-168, November 2001.
10.Nanbo Jin, Fan Yang and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, ”A Novel
Reconfigurable Patch Antenna with both Frequency and
Polarization Diversities for wireless communications,”
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, Vol. 2,
pp.1796 - 1799, June 2004.
11.B.Y. Toh, R. Cahill, V.F. Fusco, “Understanding and
measuring circular polarization,”IEEE Transactions on
Education, Vol. 46, Issue 3, Aug. 20 , pp. 313 - 318
12.S. D. Targonski, R. B. Waterhouse and D. M. Pozar,
“Design of Wide-Band Aperture- Stacked patch Microstrip
Antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 46, NO.9, 1998.
13.David M. Pozar and Sean M. Duffy, “ A Dual-Band
Circularly Polarized Aperture- Coupled Stacked
Microstrip Antenna for Global Positioning Satellite,”
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45,
NO.11, 1997.
14. C. H. Tsao, Y. M. Hwang, F. Kilburg and F. Dietrich,
“Aperture-coupled Patch Antennas with Wide-bandwidth
and Dual-polarization Capabilities,” Antennas and
Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 3,
pp. 936 - 939, June 1988.
15. R. Oostlander, Y. M. M. Anter, “ Aperture Coupled
Microstrip Antenna Element Design,” Electronics
Letters, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1990.
16. Kin-Lu Wong, Hao-Chun Tung and Tzung-Wern Chiou,
“Broadband Dual-Polarized Aperture-Coupled Patch
Antennas With Modified H-Shaped Coupling Slots,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50,
NO.2, 2002.
17. Marcel Kossel, Hansruedi Benedickter and Werner
Baechtold, “Circular Polarized Aperture Coupled Patch
Antennas for an RFID system in the 2.4 GHz ISM Band, ”
IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference, RAWCON 99, pp 235 -
238, Aug. 1999.
18. Tzung-Wern Chiou and Kin-Lu Wong, “Broadband Dual-
Polarized Single Microstrip Patch Antenna With High
Isolation and Low Cross Polarization,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50,
NO.3, 2002.
19. Ajay Kumar Sharma, Raghvendra Singh and Ashok Mittai,
“Wide Band Dual Circularly Polarized Aperture Coupled
Microstrip Patch Antenna with Bow Tie Shaped
Apertures,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society
Symposium, Vol. 4, pp. 3749 - 3752, June 2004.
20. Tzung-Wern Chiou and Kin-Lu Wong, “A Compact Dual-Band
Dual-Polarization Patch Antenna for 900/1800-MHz
Cellular Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, Vol. 51, NO.8, 2003.
21. Kum Meng Lum, Chanchai Laohapensaeng and Charles Free,
“ A Novel Traveling-Wave Feed Technique for Circularly
Polarized Planar Antennas,” IEEE Microwave and
Wireless Components Letters, vol.15, No. 3, 2005.