臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以單電流感測控制實現三臂雙向交錯式直流電路，並提出單電流取樣策略，利用取樣機制對單電流感測器所回授的數值作適當的選取以及運算後，可以得到各別電感電流的平均值。本文也利用狀態空間平均的技術推導出控制訊號與輸出電壓以及控制訊號與電感電流差值的轉移函數，藉由轉移函數的推導結果，可以得知電壓調節迴路控制訊號與電流平衡迴路控制訊號彼此互相獨立。最後，本文以FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)晶片實現所提出之單電流感測控制，透過模擬軟體以及電路實作，驗證所提之單電流取樣策略能夠得到各電感電流平均值，並經由適當控制後達到各電感電流平衡。

The decoupled master-slave current-sharing control for three-phase bidirectional interleaved DC-DC converter with single current sensor is presented in this thesis. Single-sensor sampling strategy is proposed to obtain all of average inductor currents. In addition, the small-signal transfer functions between three control signals, output voltage and current imbalances are derived by using state-space average method. Based on the theoretical analysis, the voltage regulation loop and both current balancing loops are decoupled. Eventually, all the algorithms are implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed single-sensor sampling strategy and current sharing control method.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 2
1.3 論文架構 7
第二章 三臂雙向交錯式電路小訊號模型 8
2.1 各開關組態及狀態方程式 8
2.2 狀態空間平均法 18
2.3 傳統主僕控制架構之理想轉移函數推導 23
2.4 解耦合主僕控制架構之轉移函數推導 30
2.4.1 輸出電壓控制訊號之轉移函數 33
2.4.2 電流平衡迴路一控制訊號之轉移函數 37
2.4.3 電流平衡迴路二控制訊號轉移函數 40
2.4.4 負載端直流電流源轉移函數 43
2.4.5 理想小訊號轉移函數 45
第三章 具單電流感測之解耦合主僕式 電流平衡控制方法及控制器設計52
3.1 單電流感測取樣策略 53
3.1.1 情況一之控制訊號 54
3.1.2 情況二之控制訊號 56
3.1.3 情況三之控制訊號 58
3.2 控制器設計 61
第四章 模擬結果 68
4.1 PSIM模擬軟體 68
4.2 模擬電路及元件參數 69
4.3 解耦合主僕式控制之轉移函數模擬驗證 72
4.4 理想參數下之模擬結果 78
4.4.1 充、放電模式穩態模擬 78
4ew 4.5 ±10%下解耦合主僕式之模擬結果 80
4.5.1 充、放電模式穩態及暫態模擬 80
4.5.2 充、放電模式負載切換模擬 84
4.5.3 充、放電模式切換模擬 86
4.6 ±10%下傳統主僕式模擬結果 88
4.6.1 充、放電模式暫態模擬 88
4.6.2 充、放電模式負載切換模擬 90
4.6.3 充、放電模式切換模擬 92
4.6.4 ±10%下重疊模擬波形 93
第五章 實作電路與結果 95
5.1 現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)簡介 95
5.2 實作電路 97
5.2.1 類比轉數位訊號電路(A/D) 99
5.2.2 數位轉類比訊號電路(D/A) 101
5.2.3 閘極驅動電路(Gate Driving Circuit) 102
5.3 電流平衡控制實作 103
5.3.1 充、放電模式下解耦合主僕式之暫態實作波形 104
5.3.2 充、放電模式下解耦合主僕式之穩態實作波形 106
5.3.3 充、放電模式下解耦合主僕式之切載實作波形 110
5.3.4 充、放電模式下傳統主僕式之暫態實作波形 117
5.3.5 充、放電模式下傳統主僕式之切載實作波形 119
第六章 結論 126
參考文獻 127

[1]S. S. Choi, K. J. Tseng, D. M. Vilathgamuwa, and T. D. Nguyen “Energy Storage Systems in Distributed Generation Schemes,” in Proc. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PES), pp. 1-8, July. 2008.
[2]John Betten, Robert Kollman, “Interleaving DC-DC Converters Boost Efficiency and Voltage,” EDN, pp. 78-84, October. 2005.
[3]W. Lee, B. M. Han, and H. Cha, “Battery Ripple Current reduction in a Three-Phase Interleaved DC-DC Converter for 5kW Battery Charger,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 3535-3540, 2011.
[4]Y. S. Lin, K. W. Hu, T. H. Yeh, and C. M. Liaw, “An Electric-Vehicle IPMSM Drive with Interleaved Front-End DC/DC Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65 no. 6, pp. 4493–4504, June. 2016.
[5]A. M. Omara, and M. Sleptsov, “Drive System of IPMSM with Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles,” IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), pp. 1-5, June. 2016.
[6]G. Eirea, and S. R. Sanders, “Phase Current Unbalance Estimation in Multiphase Buck Converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 137-143, Jan. 2008.
[7]X. Zhou, P. Xu, and F. C. Lee, “A Novel Current-Sharing Control Technique for Low-Voltage High-Current Voltage Regulator Module Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1153–1162, Nov. 2000.
[8]H. B. Shin, J. G .Park, S. G. Chung, H. G. Lee, and T. A. Lipo, “Generalized Steady-State Analysis of Multiphase Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors,” IEEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 584–594, May. 2005.
[9]V. J. Thottuvelil and G. C. Verghese, “Stability Analysis of Paralleled DC/DC Converters with Active Current Sharing,” IEEE 27th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), vol. 2, pp. 1080-1086, June. 1996.
[10]G. Guo and B. Shi, “Design of Multi-Phase DC-DC Converter with Averaged Current Sharing Control,” IEEE 5th International Conference on ASICON Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 522–525, 2003.
[11]X. Xie, S. Yuan, J. Zhang, and Z. Qian, “Analysis and Design of N Paralleled DC-DC Modules with Current-Sharing Control,” IEEE 37th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), pp. l-4, June. 2006.
[12]Y. Panov and M. M. Jovanovic, “Loop Gain Measurement of Paralleled DC-DC Converters with Average-Current-Sharing Control,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 1048-1053, Feb. 2008.
[13]S. Angkititrakul, H. Hu, and Z. Liang, “Active Inductor Current Balancing for Interleaving Multi-Phase Buck-Boost Converter,” IEEE 24th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 527–532, Feb. 2009.
[14]J. Zhihong, L. Hui and H. Lipei, “Parallel-Connected Interleaving CCM PFC Converter Based on Duty-Cycle Dynamic Distribution Controller,” IEEE 24th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 780-785, Feb. 2009.
[15]M. T. Tsai, D. Chen, C. J. Chen, C. H. Chiu, and W. H. Chang, “Modeling and Design of Current Balancing Control in Voltage-Mode Multiphase Interleaved Voltage Regulators,” International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC), pp. 881-887, June. 2010.
[16] K. I. Hwu and Y. H. Chen, “Current Sharing Control Strategy Based on Phase Link,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 701-713, Feb. 2012.
[17] J. Rajagopalan, K. Xing, Y. Guo, F. C. Lee, and B. Manners, “Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Paralleled DC/DC Converters with Master-Slave Current Sharing Control,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), vol. 2, pp. 678-684, Aug. 2002.
[18]Y. Panov, J. Rajagopalan, and F. C. Lee, “Analysis and Design of N Paralleled DC-DC Converters with Master-Slave Current-Sharing Control,” IEEE 12th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), vol. 1, pp. 436-442, Feb. 1997.
[19]V. J Thottuvelil, and G. C. Verghese, “Analysis and Control Design of Paralleled DC/DC Converters with Current Sharing,” IEEE 12th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Vol. 2, pp. 638-646, Feb. 1997.
[20]G. Guo and B. Shi, “Design of Multi-Phase DC–DC Converter with Master-Slave Current Sharing Control,” IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 1990-1993, Oct. 2002.
[21]S. Pan and P. K. Jain, “A Precisely-Regulated Multiple Output Forward Converter with Automatic Master-Slave Control,” IEEE 36th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 969-975, June. 2005.
[22]B. S. Min, N. J. Park and D. S. Hyun, “A Novel Current Sharing Technique for Interleaved Boost Converter,” IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 2658-2663, June. 2007.