臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隔震橡膠墊經常於隔震系統中被利用，主要是著眼其具有高垂向勁度與撓曲勁度，且在承受水平力時又有和橡膠相同之低側向勁度，可以延長結構週期，降低水平地震力。隔震橡膠墊一般均以鋼板作加勁材料，由橡膠片黏著於鋼板間所構成，但製作複雜，重量不輕。以纖維做為加勁材料之橡膠墊，則擁有製作過程簡單、費用較低、重量較輕等優點。
研究中利用有限元素的模擬分析無限長條形纖維加勁膠墊，探討膠墊在各種不同參數下，受到彎曲變形及剪力變形時的變形與應力情況，由於纖維的材料特性為只能承受拉力，不能抵抗壓力，因此在有限元素中利用非線性來分析，研究中也將纖維假設為可承受拉力與壓力的特性，以有限元素線性分析來比較兩者的差異。
由有限元素分析之結果可以發現，纖維加勁膠墊在垂直位移條件大於或等於傾斜變形條件時，其非線性分析會與線性分析有相同的結果，在彎曲變形分析中，固定膠墊的垂直位移與傾斜變形條件下，膠墊的軸力與彎矩會隨著彈性層柏松比，形狀係數增加而變大，隨著彈性層與加勁層的勁度比增加而變小。在剪力變形分析中，在相同的水平剪力下，膠墊的水平勁度會隨著彈性層柏松比、形狀係數增加而變大，隨著勁度比增加而變小，而膠墊中央旋轉角則會隨著彈性層柏松比、形狀係數增加而變小，隨著勁度比增加而變大。

Not only does the laminated rubber isolator have the high vertical stiffness, high bending stiffness, but has the low lateral stiffness. As a result, it can extend the structural period and reduce the input lateral load. Generally, the reinforcing material for laminated rubber isolators is steel plates. In contrast to the steel-reinforced isolator, the fiber-reinforced isolator is significantly lighter, cheaper and easier in the manufacturing processes.
This research mainly focuses on using the finite element method to analyze the infinite-strip-shaped fiber-reinforced isolators subjected to pure bending deformation and shear deformation. The stress and deformation of the isolators under the various parameters will be fully discussed. Because the material characteristic of the fiber is tension-only reinforcements, so the research analyze by the nonlinear analysis. The results will be compared with the linear analysis, in which the fiber can bear tension and compression stress.
The results of the finite element analysis show that, when the vertical displacement is larger or equal to the slope of the isolator, the nonlinear analysis will equal to the linear analysis. In the bending analysis, the axial force and bending moment increase along with the increasing the Poisson’s ratio and shape factor for the constant value of vertical displacement and slope of the isolator. Furthermore, they decrease along with the increasing the stiffness ratio of the elastic layer and the reinforcement under the same circumstance.
In the shear analysis, horizontal stiffness increases along with the Poisson’s ratio and shape factor, and decreases along with increasing the stiffness ratio of the isolator. The rotation in the middle of the isolator decreases according to increasing the Poisson’s ratio and shape factor, and increases according to increasing the stiffness ratio.

第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………… 1
第二章 無限長條形多層膠墊之彎曲變形分析 ……………………………… 5
2.1 有限元素分析模型 …………………………………………………… 5
2.2 膠墊之垂向軸力與彎矩 ……………………………………………… 9
2.2.1 不同垂直位移下之分析 ……………………………………… 9
2.2.2 不同傾斜變形下之分析 ……………………………………… 11
2.2.3 載重與變形之關係 …………………………………………… 12
2.2.4 不同柏松比下之分析 ………………………………………… 14
2.2.5 不同勁度比下之分析 ………………………………………… 19
2.2.6 不同形狀係數下之分析 ……………………………………… 22
2.2.7 不同膠墊高度下之分析 ……………………………………… 26
2.3 加勁層之變形與應力 ………………………………………………… 28
2.3.1 加勁層之變形分析 …………………………………………… 28
2.3.2 加勁層之應力分析 …………………………………………… 32
2.4 彈性層之變形與應力 ………………………………………………… 35
2.4.1 彈性層之變形分析 …………………………………………… 35
2.4.2 彈性層之應力分析 …………………………………………… 39
2.5 線性膠墊之有效傾斜模數 …………………………………………… 44
表 …………………………………………………………………………… 46
圖 …………………………………………………………………………… 48
第三章 無限長條形多層膠墊之剪力變形分析 ……………………………… 125
3.1 有限元素分析模型 …………………………………………………… 125
3.2 膠墊之水平力與變形 ………………………………………………… 126
3.3 加勁層之變形與應力 ………………………………………………… 131
3.3.1 加勁層之變形分析 …………………………………………… 131
3.3.2 加勁層之應力分析 …………………………………………… 133
3.4 彈性層之變形與應力 ………………………………………………… 135
3.4.1 彈性層之變形分析 …………………………………………… 135
3.4.2 彈性層之應力分析 …………………………………………… 136
表 …………………………………………………………………………… 140
圖 …………………………………………………………………………… 141
第四章 結論 …………………………………………………………………… 185
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………… 188

1. Gent, A. N. and Meinecke, E. A. (1970). Compression, bending and shear of bonded rubber blocks. Polymer Engineering and Science, 10, 48-53.

2. Chalhoub, M. S. and Kelly, J. M. (1991). Analysis of infinite-strip-shaped base isolator with elastomer bulk compression. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 117, 1791-1805.

3. Lindley, P. B. (1979). Compression module for blocks of soft elastic
material bonded to rigid end plates. Journal of Strain Analysis, 14, 11-16.

4. Lindley, P. B. (1979). Plane strain rotation module for soft elastic
blocks. Journal of Strain Analysis, 14, 17-21.

5. Tsai, H.-C. and Lee, C. -C. (1999). Tilting stiffness of elastic layers bonded between rigid plates. International Journal of Solids and Structure, 36, 2485-2505.

6. Tsai, H.-C. and Lee, C. -C. (1998). Compressive stiffness of elastic layers bonded between rigid plates. International Journal of Solids and Structure, 35, 3053-3069.

7. Tsai, H.-C. and Kelly, J. M. (2002). Stiffness analysis of fiber-reinforced rectangular seismic isolation. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 128, 462-470.

8. Tsai, H.-C. and Kelly, J. M. (2002). Bending stiffness of fiber-reinforced circular seismic isolation. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 128, 1150-1157.

9. Kelly, J. M. (2002). Seismic isolation systems for developing countries. Earthquake Spectra, 18, 385-406.

10. 黃威學, (2003). 彈性層黏著於可伸縮板的壓縮分析.

11. 林育民, (2005). 圓形纖維加勁膠墊之應力分析.

12. 黃俊智, (2005). 矩形纖維加勁膠墊之應力分析.