臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文採用熱處理（均質化和時效熱處理）及等徑轉角擠型（ECAP）A路徑劇烈塑性變形方法，改善攪拌鑄造法製備之鎂基複合材料(SiCp / AZ61)的微結構和機械性質。以不同重量百分比（0％，2％和5％）SiC顆粒（SiCp）研究不同處理條件下強化相含量的影響。使用光學顯微鏡（OM）、掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）、硬度測試和X光繞射（XRD）分析評估ECAP擠壓道次和SiCp重量百分比對熱處理過程的微觀結構的影響。藉由夏比(Charpy)衝擊和單軸拉伸試驗數據之分析發現增強了機械性能。以掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）特徵進一步驗證衝擊和拉伸試驗斷裂表面之脆 - 韌性。採用應變硬化率（θ）研究了AZ61鎂合金和SiCp / AZ61 Mg MMCs的ECAP塑性變形加工硬化行為。基於Ludwik方程的Crussard-Jaoul方法識別塑性變形機制和塑性變形階段的細節。採用實驗設計（DOE）和Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman（GTN）模式表面響應方法估算最佳GTN破壞參數，並分別驗證其對AZ61鎂合金ECAP變形延性斷裂行為的顯著影響。應用Hollomon流動應力來識別均勻變形和非均勻變形區域，分別研究空洞成核和聚結過程。在12小時時效的2 wt％ SiCp / AZ61Mg MMC上觀察到時效熱處理過程顯著，其誘導較低的微硬度值並且導致無顆粒區域和不連續的第二相的形成。在更高ECAP擠壓道次和SiCp重量百分比下，觀察到更高的彈性模量，ECAP塑性變形和SiCp重量百分比變化的強度，延展性和加工硬化行為都不同。藉由ECAP變形的AZ61鎂合金的韌性斷裂行為結果表明同時改變三軸應力和損傷變量可以大幅度的影響模擬結果、GTN模型曲線及曲線擬合。本研究的主要貢獻是藉由改變微結構組成相的存在和數量及增進其均勻分佈以提高 SiCp/AZ61 MMCs 的機械性質。

In this work, heat treatment (homogenization and ageing heat treatment processes) and extrusion plus A route type equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) severe plastic deformation methods were used to improve the microstructural and mechanical properties of as-cast SiCp/AZ61 magnesium metal matrix composites (Mg MMCs) fabricated by stir casting method. Different weight percentages (0%, 2% and 5%) of SiC particles (SiCp) were considered to study the effects of contents of reinforcements at different treatment conditions. Microstructural changes due to heat treatment processes, the number of ECAP passes and SiCp weight percentages were assessed using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), microhardness test and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns analysis. Enhanced mechanical properties were analyzed based on the Charpy impact and the uniaxial tensile test data. Furthermore, the brittle-ductile properties were testified by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) features of Charpy impact and tensile test fracture surfaces. The work-hardening behavior of AZ61 magnesium alloy and SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs deformed by ECAP plastic deformation were studied by considering strain hardening rate (θ). The details of plastic deformation mechanisms and plastic deformation stages were identified by using a Crussard-Jaoul method based on the Ludwik equation. The response surface methodology in the design of experiments (DOE) wizard and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model were employed to estimate the optimum GTN damage parameters and to validate their significant effects respectively on the ductile fracture behavior of ECAP deformed AZ61 magnesium alloy. Hollomon flow stress was applied to identify uniform deformation and non-uniform deformation regions to investigate the void nucleation and coalescence processes separately. From the results obtained, ageing heat treatment process was seen significant on the 12 h aged 2 wt% SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMC which induced lower microhardness values and results in the formations of particle free regions and discontinuous secondary phases. At a higher number of ECAP passes and higher SiCp weight percentage, higher elastic modulus was seen enhanced. The strength, ductility and work-hardening behaviors were varied for both ECAP plastic deformation and SiCp weight percentage variations. The results of ductile fracture behavior of ECAP deformed AZ61 magnesium alloy showed that varying both stress triaxiality and damage variables simultaneously can greatly affect the curve fitting process of experimental, simulation and GTN model curves. The main contribution of this research work is enhancing the mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs by modifying the presence and amount of microstructural constituent phases and by improving their uniform distribution.

Table of contents
Abstract (摘要) 1
Abstract 2
Acknowledgement 4
Table of contents 5
List of figures 9
List of tables 17
Chapter 1. Introduction 19
1.1. Motivation 19
1.2. Overview 20
1.3. Types of metal matrix composites 21
1.3.1. Matrix 22
1.4. Thesis layout 24
Chapter 2. Background 26
2.1. Nano/micro-interface structures 26
2.1.1. Interfacial reaction 26
2.1.2. Interfacial bonding 30
2.1.3. Particle size 32
2.1.4. Reinforcement volume fractions/weight percentage 34
2.2. Nano/Micro-Macro structure integrity mechanisms 35
2.2.1. Strengthening mechanisms of MMCs 35
2.2.2. Strength weakening effects of particulate reinforced MMCs 39
Chapter 3. Fabrication methods and experimental procedures 42
3.1. Magnesium alloys 42
3.2. Magnesium alloy metal matrix composites 43
3.3. Fabrication methods 43
3.3.1. Solid state fabrication processes 44
3.3.2. Liquid state Processing 46
3.3.3. Deposition processing 48
3.4. Heat treatment processes 50
3.4.1. Homogenization heat treatment 51
3.4.2. Solution heat treatment 51
3.4.3. Ageing heat treatment 52
3.5. Plastic deformation processes 52
3.5.1. Types of traditional plastic deformation processes 52
3.5.2. Types of severe plastic deformation processes 53
3.6. Objectives 59
3.7. Experimental procedures 60
Chapter 4. Effects of heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs 63
4.1. Introduction 63
4.2. Experimental procedure 66
4.3. Results 70
4.3.1. Microhardness 70
4.3.2. Microstructure 71
4.3.3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements 77
4.3.4. Quantitative phase analysis 80
4.3.5. Microstructural behavior 83
4.3.6. Fracture surface morphologies 86
4.3.7. Summary 92
Chapter 5. Effects of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs 94
5.1. Introduction 94
5.2. Experimental procedures 98
5.3. Results and discussion 102
5.3.1. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) plastic deformation 102
5.3.2. OM microstructure of ECAP deformed SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs 104
5.3.3. SEM microstructure of ECAP deformed SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs 111
5.3.4. Microhardness and tensile strength 117
5.3.5. Ductility and work-hardening behavior 120
5.3.6. Fracture surface 130
5.3.7. Summary 132
Chapter 6. Analysis and modeling of the ductile fracture behavior of ECAP deformed AZ61 magnesium alloy 134
6.1. Introduction 134
6.2. Methodology 138
6.2.1. Materials and specimen design 138
6.2.2. Design of experiments (DOE) 139
6.2.3. Finite element simulation 142
6.2.4. Constitutive relations and yielding criteria 143
6.2.5. Descriptions of damage modeling 145
6.3. Results and discussion 147
6.3.1. Experimental data analysis and finite element simulation 147
6.3.2. GTN damage model parameters based on response surface methodology 151
6.3.3. Verification of effects of GTN damage parameters and stress triaxialities 160
6.3.4. Fracture surface analysis 163
6.3.5. Summary 164
Chapter 7. Conclusions 165
Reference 166
Appendix: Summary of mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ61 Mg MMCs. 179

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