臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電力供電之可靠度及穩定性為汽電廠區生產線重要命脈，萬一發生重大電力事故，無法即時將事故侷限於局部，可能發生龐大停電損失，本論文研究之樣本系統曾經歷多次虛功擾動事件伴隨系統電壓升高，虛功倒灌發電機組的情況，導致發電機組失磁跳機；民國101年6月20日樣本汽電廠發生嚴重電力事故，暴露廠區電力系統仍存在弱點，諸如汽一區、汽二區及海豐區共5迴線接於相同匯流排上，負載過度集中，且汽一區、汽二區及海豐區皆為重要負載，若遭遇獨立運轉時須卸載大量重要負載造成嚴重生產損失；ML2A區無發電機組，此區獨立運轉時所有負載皆須停電，經廠內各單位檢討，針對上述系統架構缺點進行負載饋線重整改善，由於連續性生產製程不能停電，廠區提出之電力系統負載架構重整計畫將分成六階段逐步進行改接工程。某研究團隊曾針對改接完成之新電力系統架構進行電力系統分析(潮流及暫態穩定度)，由其106年4月完成之負載重整後防禦計畫研究報告，發現重整後的汽電廠區電力系統仍存有虛功問題，本論文將從新電力系統架構進行潮流分析，於六階段的不同負載重整架構，找出於第幾階段的改接工程，系統會出現虛功問題，並對此提出因應改善對策；此外，本研究同時評估可能發生的特定條件下，發電機組是否因虛功問題導致進相運轉觸碰失磁保護圈設定，預防供電可靠度上的疑慮。

Having reliable and stable power supply is essential to the power generation of cogeneration plants. If a power blackout occurs and cannot be restricted to a local area, the subsequent major power blackout may result in substantial losses. The sample cogeneration plant that had undergone multiple reactive power disturbance events, which increased the system voltage and injected the reactive power into the generators, resulting in generator trip due to loss of field. On June 20, 2012, the sample cogeneration plant caused a major power blackout, reflecting that the power system still possessed various shortcomings. For example, the five tie lines in the ML1, ML2, and HF areas were connected to the same bus, resulting in an overly concentrated load. Loads in these three areas were considered critical loads; hence, during the island mode operation, many critical loads must be shed, leading to substantial production losses. The ML2A area did not contain any generator; hence, the island mode operation of this area required shedding every load. After discussion between units of the plant, improvement measures were proposed according to the aforementioned shortcomings to reconfigure the load feeders. Because the cogeneration plant needs to maintain a continuous production process, a six-phase restructuring plan was proposed to gradually modify the load structure of the power system. Previously, a research team has analyzed the modified system of the sample cogeneration plant of its load flow and transient stability, and completed a power system defense plan in April of 2017. The plan reveals that the modified system still possessed problems concerning reactive power disturbance. Therefore, this study conducted a load flow analysis on the restructuring plan to identify which restructuring stage led to the reactive power problem, and improvement measures were proposed accordingly. In addition, reactive power disturbance were evaluated to determine whether under those circumstances, the generators did not trigger the loss-of-field protection mechanism during a leading power factor operation. These evaluations addressed concerns about service reliability.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第壹章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究內容 4
1.3 章節簡述 5
第貳章 樣本電力系統重整架構檢討 6
2.1 樣本系統簡介 6
2.2 虛功控制調節 9
2.2.1 發電機運轉模式 9
2.2.2 變壓器OLTC (On Load Tap Changer , OLTC) 11
2.2.3 電容器 11
2.3 樣本電力系統負載架構重整及潮流 12
2.3.1 第一階段:IEM #2、IEM #3改接至ML2區 16
2.3.2 第二階段:UPB機組改接至ML2A區 17
2.3.3 第三階段:ML2區D群負載改接至ML2A區 19
2.3.4 第四階段:海豐區改接至ML2A區 20
2.3.5 第五階段:ML2區E群負載改接至ML2/TPC區 30
2.3.6 第六階段:海豐區K群負載改接至ML2A區 31
第參章 第四階段模擬事故額外案例選擇 33
3.1 擬分析之電力潮流案例 33
3.2 樣本系統內部大機組定期檢修 35
3.2.1 電力潮流分析結果 35
3.2.2 獨立運轉之案例選擇 40
3.3 模擬事故案例分析（獨立運轉） 40
3.3.1 電力潮流分析結果 41
3.3.2 分析結果探討與建議 44
第肆章 發電機失磁保護檢討 50
4.1 發電機容量曲線(Generator Capability Curve) 50
4.1.1 虛功容量限制(Reactive Capability Limits) 51
4.1.2 穩態穩定度曲線(Steady-State Stability Curves) 51
4.1.3 欠激磁限制器UEL (Underexcitation Limiter) 53
4.2 發電機失磁保護 54
4.2.1 發電機失磁狀況的發生 54
4.2.2 發電機失磁電驛特性 54
4.3 樣本系統同步發電機失磁保護 58
第伍章 結論與建議 65
5.1 結論 65
5.2 建議 66
參考文獻 68
附錄1 樣本汽電廠區電力系統負載重整專案改善 70
附錄2 樣本汽電廠區電力系統架構重整改善預定時程 76
附錄3 樣本系統發電機組定檢排程 77
附錄4 汽電廠發電量彙總表 78
附錄5 汽電廠負載彙總表 82
附錄6 樣本系統大容量機組電壓預定表 91
附錄7 變壓器資料彙總表 93
附錄8 汽電廠電纜參數表 96
附錄9 電力潮流輸入之線路資料 98
附錄10 電力潮流輸入之離峰匯流排資料 101

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