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研究生:劉仲堃
研究生(外文):Liu, Chung-Kun
論文名稱:探討高屏地區產婦母乳中多溴聯苯醚、氯化戴奧辛/呋喃及溴化戴奧辛/呋喃之濃度分佈
論文名稱(外文):Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in breast milk in Kao-Ping areas
指導教授:趙浩然趙浩然引用關係
指導教授(外文):How-Ran Chao
口試委員:許文俐楊生湳蔡明憲陳榮富
口試日期:2017-07-21
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立屏東科技大學
系所名稱:環境工程與科學系所
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2017
畢業學年度:105
語文別:中文
論文頁數:107
中文關鍵詞:多溴聯苯醚多氯聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃母乳
外文關鍵詞:polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs)breast milk
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持久性有機污染物(Persistent organic pollutants, POPs)多溴聯苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)、多氯聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs)與多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃(polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, PBDD/Fs),具有高脂溶性、低揮發、持久不易被分解等特性,一旦經由食物鏈或其他環境介質進入我們人體中,則可能會對我們人體產生健康上的影響。本研究目的為調查母乳中PBDEs、PCDD/Fs和PBDD/Fs濃度與產婦基本參數之間的關聯。本研究從2014至2017年期間,在台灣高屏當地醫院婦產科門診招募健康女性,所有的個案需回答一份詳細的產婦基本參數問卷並提供母乳樣本。61個母乳樣本,使用高解析氣相層析儀/高效能質譜儀(HRGC/HRMS)共分析14種PBDEs、17種PCDD/Fs及12種PBDD/Fs同構物。結果顯示母乳中Σ14PBDEs平均濃度為4283±3976 pg/g lipid、Σ17PCDD/Fs平均毒性當量濃度為2.77±1.13 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid與Σ12 PBDD/Fs毒性當量濃度為0.117 pg WHO-TEQ/g。母乳中PBDEs與年齡、BMI、體重及月經來潮最長天數皆及月經來潮最短天數具有顯著相關。PCDD/Fs毒性當量濃度與年齡、BMI及月經來潮最短天數、經來潮從開始到結束天數及月經來潮最長天數具有顯著相關。本研究發現母乳中PBDEs和PCDD/Fs與產婦月經天數之間為負相關,雖然未達統計上顯著意義,但從文獻上的大鼠毒性實驗PBDEs和PCDD/Fs劑量增加,可能會導致大鼠卵巢衰退,因此推測在本研究月經來潮天數的減少,可能與PBDEs和PCDD/Fs相關。母乳中PBDEs與PCDD/Fs濃度與過去台灣文獻相比,PBDEs濃度呈現增加之趨勢,而PCDD/Fs則呈現濃度下降之趨勢。
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) includes the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) are known to have characteristics such as high fat solubility, low volatility, highly persistent to degradation, and can bioaccumulate into our body as it was observed through the food chain which can result to a negative impact to the human health. Through this study, it aims to investigate the association between the levels of PBDEs, PCDD/Fs, and PBDD/Fs concentrations in mother and their maternal characteristics. The period of sample collection in this study is from April 2014 to 2017. The recruitment of the participants of the study are healthy women from the gynecological clinics of local hospitals of Taiwan by which their maternal demographic characteristics and their breast milks were gathered accordingly. A total of 61 breast milk samples were collected and analyzed through a high-resolution gas chromatography/ high performance mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). In this study, 14 PBDEs, 17 PCDD/Fs, and 12 PBDD/Fs congeners were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of Σ14PBDEs in breast milk was 4283 ± 3976 pg / g lipid, Σ17PCDD/Fs mean toxic equivalent concentration of 2.77 ± 1.13 pg WHO-TEQ / g and Σ12 PBDD/Fs toxicity equivalent concentration of 0.117 pg WHO-TEQ / g. It was also observed that there is a significant correlation between PBDE residues in breast milk, age, BMI, body weight, and the longest period for menstrual cycle. Meanwhile, a significant correlation was observed between the PCDD/Fs toxic equivalent concentration, age, BMI, the shortest period of menstrual cycle, the longest period of menstrual cycle, and the overall period of menstrual cycle. From this study, it was found that PBDEs and PCDD/Fs in breast milk were negatively correlated with the maternal menstrual period but was not statistically significant. However, from another study involving an increase dosage of PBDEs and PCDD/Fs in mice, the result leads to a premature ovarian failure by which it suggests that the reduction of menstrual period in the epidemiological survey of this study may be associated with PBDEs and PCDD/Fs. In conclusion with our study, the concentration of PBDEs in breast milk have a tendency to increase while PCDD/Fs in breast milk may decrease as compared to the previous studies conducted involving breast milk samples in Taiwan.
摘要 I
Abstract III
謝 誌 V
目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
圖目錄 XIII
1. 前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 1
2.文獻回顧 3
2.1母乳 3
2.1.1哺餵母乳的益處 3
2.1.2國內哺餵母乳的比率 3
2.2PBDEs之介紹 5
2.2.1PBDEs之特性 5
2.2.2 PBDEs之來源 8
2.2.3 PBDEs之毒性 9
2.2.4 環境中PBDEs之分佈 10
2.2.5 母乳中之PBDEs 12
2.3 PCDD/Fs之介紹 14
2.3.1 PCDD/Fs之特性 14
2.3.2 PCDD/Fs之毒性 16
2.3.3 PCDD/Fs之來源 18
2.3.5 母乳中之PCDD/Fs 24
2.4 PBDD/Fs之介紹 25
2.4.1 PBDD/Fs之特性 25
2.4.2 PBDD/Fs之毒性 27
2.4.3 PBDD/Fs之來源 28
2.4.4 環境中PBDD/Fs之分佈 30
2.4.5 母乳中之PBDD/Fs 31
3.材料與方法 33
3.1 研究對象之收集 33
3.2 樣品收集與保存 35
3.3 材料與設備 35
3.3.1 試劑與藥品 35
3.3.2 儀器與設備 35
3.4樣本前處理 37
3.4.1液-液萃取 37
3.4.2脂含量測定 37
3.4.3樣品淨化及分離 38
3.5化學分析 41
3.6 QA/QC (Quality Assurance/Quality Control) 42
3.7統計分析 45
4.結果與討論 46
4.1受試者基本描述 46
4.2母乳中PBDEs的濃度 48
4.3母乳中PCDD/Fs與PBDD/Fs之濃度 51
4.4國內外母乳中PBDEs、PCDD/Fs及PBDD/Fs含量之比較 56
4.4.1 國內外母乳中PBDEs含量之比較 56
4.4.2 國內外母乳中PCDD/Fs、PBDD/Fs含量之比較 58
4.5 PBDEs及PCDD/Fs濃度之相關性 61
4.5.1 PBDEs濃度之相關性 61
4.5.2 PCDD/Fs濃度之相關性 64
4.5.3 PBDEs濃度與產婦基本生理參數之相關性 67
4.5.4 PCDD/Fs濃度與產婦基本生理參數之相關性 71
5.結論 75
5.1結論 75
5.2建議 76
6.參考文獻 77
7.附件 95
作者簡介 107
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