臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

黃錫鯛(Rhabdosargus sarba)為臺灣沿近海常見經濟魚種，然而有關其生活史資訊仍然非常缺乏。本研究於2015年9月至2016年8月期間自澎湖地區按月採集黃錫鯛樣本共593尾，其中雌魚325尾；雄魚225尾；無法判定性別35尾；性轉變8尾。樣本全長範圍12.3-44.0 cm TL，體重範圍28.9-1832.0 g。體長-體重關係經最大概似法檢定顯示雌雄間無顯著差異，可表示為：BW= 0.01511 TL3.0346 (r2= 0.95;n= 593)。本研究採用矢狀石做為年齡形質來估計黃錫鯛之年齡與成長，全長隨耳石長而增加TL=-3.4293+3.7673OL (r2= 0.815;n=109)。邊緣分析結果顯示黃錫鯛耳石輪紋為一年形成一輪，不透明帶於十二月形成。本研究所採的樣本最高可判讀至八輪。將447尾樣本體長與年齡利用VBGF、Robertson和Gompertz三種成長方程式進行套適，根據AICc值與w_i值結果以VBGF成長方程式之AICc值最低與w_i值最高，顯示其為最佳成長方程式，再經最大概似法檢定雌雄間之成長方程式發現無差異顯著。雌雄合併的成長方程式各參數如下，L∞=53.94 cm TL；k= 0.217 year-1；t0= -0.182 year。最大觀測年齡雌雄分別為8.17歲及8.00歲。

The goldlined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba) is a common species caught by the Taiwanese coastal fisheries. However, its biological information on spawning ground, migration route, reproductive biology, and age and growth is little known. In total, 593 specimens ranged from 12.3 to 44.0 cm in total length (TL) and 28.9 to 1832.0 g in body weight (BW) were collected from the coastal waters off Penghu from September 2015 to August 2016. The maximum likelihood ratio test indicated the sex-specific relationship between body weight and length is not significantly different and can be expressed as: BW= 0.01511 TL3.0346 (r2= 0.950; n= 593). The edge analysis indicated the growth rings on otolith were formed once per year, and the opaque zones were deposited in December. Age estimate was made by counting opaque zones in sagittal otolith sections of 447 specimens under transmitted light. Three growth functions namely the VBGF, the Robertson and the Gompertz function were used in this study. Based on AICc and w_i, VBGF was chosen to be the best growth function for R. sarba. The maximum likelihood ratio test indicated that no significant difference on growth between females and males and the parameters of VBGF for R. sarba (sexes combined) were L∞=53.94 cm TL, k=0.217 year-1, t0=-0.182 year. The oldest ages were 8.17 and 8.00 years old for females and males, respectively.

第一章 前言…………………………………………………………………………..1
1.1 形態特徵與生態習性 1
1.2 漁業概況 1
1.3 前人研究概況 2
1.4 研究動機與目的 3
第二章 材料與方法 5
2.1 樣本採集與量測 5
2.2 尾叉長與全長之迴歸關係 5
2.3 體重與全長之迴歸關係 6
2.4 年齡形質 6
2.5 耳石處理與備置 7
2.6 全長與耳石長之迴歸關係 8
2.7 輪紋判讀 8
2.8 讀輪精確度分析 8
2.9 輪紋形成週期之判定 9
2.10 各樣本實際年齡之推估 9
2.11 成長方程式各參數之推估 10
2.12 最佳成長方程式之選定 11
2.13 成長速率 12
第三章 結果…………………………………………………………………………14
3.1 採樣資料 14
3.2 尾叉長與全長之迴歸關係 14
3.3 體重與全長之迴歸關係 15
3.4 全長與耳石長之迴歸關係 15
3.5 輪紋判讀結果與精確度 15
3.6 輪紋形成週期 16
3.7 成長方程式 16
3.8 成長速率 18
第四章 討論…………………………………………………………………………19
4.1 樣本採集 19
4.2 年齡形質 19
4.3 輪紋形成週期 20
4.4 輪紋判讀精確度分析 22
4.5 成長方程式之比較 22
4.6 成長參數 23
4.7 成長速率 24
4.8 結論 24
第五章 參考文獻 26

表目錄

表一 黃錫鯛每月採集樣本數、性別、體重及體長範圍 34
表二 本研究每月採用耳石樣本數、性別、體重及體長範圍 35
表三 黃錫鯛套適不同成長方程式之參數比較表 36
表四 年齡與全長的關係 37

圖目錄

圖一 本研究黃錫鯛樣本體長量測標準。 38
圖二 本研究採樣範圍。 39
圖三 矢狀耳石切片方法示意圖。 40
圖四 黃錫鯛矢狀石沿成長軸量測不透明帶與半透明帶。 41
圖五 本研究樣本體長頻度分布圖。 42
圖六 黃錫鯛尾叉長(FL)與全長(TL)迴歸關係圖。 43
圖七 雌性黃錫鯛體重(BW) 與全長(TL)迴歸關係圖。 44
圖八 雄性黃錫鯛體重(BW) 與全長(TL)迴歸關係圖。 45
圖九 黃錫鯛體重(BW)與全長(TL)迴歸關係圖 46
圖十 黃錫鯛全長(TL)與耳石長(OL)之迴歸關係圖。 47
圖十一 READING 1與 READING 2判讀誤差圖(±2 SE)。 48
圖十二 黃錫鯛耳石邊緣分析圖。 49
圖十三 黃錫鯛成長曲線圖。 50
圖十四 黃錫鯛VBGF成長速率變化曲線圖。 51
圖十五 各國VBGF成長方程式比較圖 52

Akaike, H. (1973). Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In second international symposium on information theory (Peetrov B. N. and F. Csaki, eds.) Akademiai kiado, Budapest, Hungary, 267-281.
Akihiko, E., K. Kiyoaki, and K. Toshihiko. (2010). Growth, sex ratio, and maturation rate with age in the blackspot tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii in waters off Okinawa Island, southweatern Japan. Fishereies Science, 76: 577-583.
Bagenal, T. B. (1974). The ageing of fish: The proceedings of an international symposium on the ageing of fish. Unwin Brothers, London, UK, 234 pp.
Beamish, R. J. and D. A. Fournier. (1981). A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38: 982-983.
Boehlert, G. W. (1985). Using objective criteria and multiple regression models for age determination in fishes. Fishery Bulletin, 83: 103-117.
Branstetter, S. (1987). Age, growth and reproductive biology of the silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, and the scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lawini, from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Environment Biology of Fishes, 19: 161-173.
Brothers, E. B. (1983). Summary of round table discussion on age validation. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 8: 35-44.
Burnham, K. P. and D. R. Anderson. (2004). Multi-model inference understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociological Methods Research, 33(2): 261-304.
Buxton, C. D. and P. A. Garratt. (1990). Alternative reproductive styles in seabreams (Pisces, Sparidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 28: 113-124.
Campana, S. E. (2001). Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods. Journal of Fish Biology, 59: 197-142.
Central Weather Bureau (CWB). (2017). Monthly sea surface temperature statistics. Taipei, Taiwan. www.cwb.gov.tw (06/26/2017)
Chang, C. F. (2006). Molecular cloning and characterization of cyp 19 genes of silver sea bream (Rhabdosargus sarba) and the impacts of cyp19 genes on the infertility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). M. S. Thesis, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, 100 pp. (In Chinese)
Cheree, A. S., K. D. Demaria, and J. M. Shenker. (2009). Using otolith morphometrics to quickly and inexpensively predict age in the gray angelfish (Pomacanthus arcuatus). Fisheries Research, 99: 123-129.
Degens, E. T., W. G. Deuser, and R. L. Haedrich. (1969). Molecular structure and composition of fish otoliths. Marine Biology, 2: 105-113.
Dong, R. P. (2005). The effects of tributyltin (TBT) on reproduction and hatching of yellow sea bream (Rhabdosargus sarba) in spawning season. M.S. thesis, National Taiwan Ocean Univerity, Keelung, Taiwan, 71 pp. (In Chinese)
El-Agamy, A. E. (1989). Biology of Sparus sarba (Forsskal) from the Qatariwater, Arabian Gulf. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 31 (1/2): 129-137.
Farrag, E., A. Alzaby, and C. Subbiah. (2017). Some biological aspects and stock status of goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775) from the Arabian Gulf of the United Arab Emirates. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2(1): 11-17.
Fisheries Agency, Council of Agriculture (FA, COA). (2017). Fishery products global information network. Taipei, Taiwan. www.efish.fa.gov.tw (06/20/2017)
Furukawa, S., S. Ohshimo, S. Tomoe, T. Shiraishi, N. Nakatsuka, and R. Kawabe. (2012). Age, growth, and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in the waters off west Kyushu, northern East China Sea. Fisheries Science, 78(6), 1153-1162.
Gompertz, B. (1825). On the nature of function expressive of the law of human mortality and on a new mode of determining life contingencies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London series A, 155: 513-585.
Grandcourt, E., T. Z. Al Abdessalaam, F. Francis, and A. Al Shamsi. (2011). Demographic parameters and status assessments of Lutjanus ehrenbergii, Lethrinus lentjan, Plectorhinchus sordidus and Rhabdosargus sarba in the southern Arabian Gulf. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 1203-1211.
Han, L. M. (1992). Fish ecology. Xushi Culture and education foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, 225 pp. (In Chinese)
Hesp, S. A. and I. C. Potter. (2003). Reproductive biology of Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) in Western Australian waters in which it is a rudimentary hermaphrodite. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83: 1333-1346.
Hesp, L. M., N. G. Hall, and I. C. Potter. (2004). Size-related movements of Rhabdosargus sarba in three different environments and their influence on estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Marine Biology, 114: 449-462.
Hill, K. T., G. M. Gailliet, and R. L. Radtke. (1989). A comparative analysis of growth zones in four calcified structures of Pacific blue marlin, Makaira nigricans. Fishery Bulletin, 87: 829-843.
Hughes, J. M., J. Stewart, and B. W. Kendall. (2008). Growth and reproductive biology of tarwhine Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) in eastern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research, 59: 1111-1123.
Hus, C. C. (1991). Parameters estimation of generalized von Bertalanffy growth equation. ACTA Oceanographica Taiwanica, 26: 66-77.
Jelbart, J., P. Ross, and R. Connolly. (2007). Fish assemblages in seagrass beds are influenced by the proximity of mangrove forests. Marine Biology, 150(5): 993-1002.
Johnson, A. G. (1983). Comparison of dorsal spines and vertebrae as Ageing Structures for Little Tune, Euthynnus alletteratus, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 8:111-116.
Joung S. J., Y. Y. Liao, K. M. Liu, C. T. Chen, and L. C. Leu. (2005). Age, growth and reproduction of the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna, in the northeastern waters of Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 44(1): 102-110.
Kailola, P. J., J. W. Meryl, P. Stewart, R. Reichelt, A. McNee, and G. Chris. (1993). Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australian, 422 pp.
Kubo, I., and T. Yoshihara. (1969). Study of fish resource (revised edition). Kyoritsu shuppan, Tokyo, Japan, 482 pp.
Kusher, D. I., S. E. Smith, and G. M. Cailliet. (1992). Validated age and growth of the leopard shark, Truakis semifasciata, with comment on reproduction. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 35: 187-203.
Leu, M. Y. (1994). Natural spawning and larval rearing of silver bream, Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskal), in captivity. Aquaculture, 120: 115–122.
Lin, K. J., R. M. Chang, C. Y. Liu, Y. K. Fang, C. L. Chen, C. Y. Juang, and J. Y. Twu. (1988). Natural spawning of goldline sea bream Sparus sarba in the artificial environment and embryonic development. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, 45: 1-16. (In Chinese)
Lin, K. J., R. M. Chang, J. Y. Twu, and C. Y. Liu. (1989). Experiments on the propagation of goldline Sea Bream Sparus sarba-breeder culture, natural spawning in the artificial environment of 3-year-old breeder, and hatching of fertilized eggs. Bulletin of Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, 47: 21-38. (In Chinese)
Lin, Y. C. (2004). Promoter structure and regulatory function of three forms of gonadtropin releasing hormones from silver sea bream (Sparus sarba). M.S. Thesis, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, 88 pp. (In Chinese)
Mehanna, S. F., F. R. Al-Kiyumi, and L. Al-Kharusi. (2012). Population dynamics and management of goldlined seabream Rhabdosargus sarba (Sparidae) from the oman coast of Arabian sea. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 2012: FAJ-40.
Oshitani, S., H. Nakano, and S. Tanaka. (2003). Age and growth of the silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, from the Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Science, 69: 456-646.
Pannella, G. (1971). Fish otoliths: daily growth layers and periodical patterns. Science, 173: 1124-1127.
Pauly, D. (1979). Gill size and temperature as governing factors in fish growth: A generalization of von Bertalanffy’s growth formula. Brichte Inst. Meereskunde (Kiel), 16: 156.
Potts, J. C., and C. S. Manooch III. (2002) Estimated ages of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data and a comparison of growth parameters. Fishery Bulletin, 100: 81-89.
Radebe, P. V., B. Q. Mann, L. E. Beckley, and A. Govender. (2002). Age and growth of Rhabdosargus sarba (Pisces: Sparidae), from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Fisheries Research, 58: 193-201.
Ricker, W. E. (1975). Computation and interpretation of biological statistcs of fish populations. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 191: 1-382.
Ricker, W. E. (1979). Growth rate and models. Fish Physiology VIII series, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 677-743.
Robertson, T. B. (1923). The chemical basis of growth and senescence. Lippincott, New York, USA, 98 pp.
Rotherham, D. and R. J. West. (2002). Do different seagrass species support distinct fish communities in south-eastern Australia? Fisheries Management and Ecology, 9(4): 235-248.
Rowling, K., A. Hegarty, and M. Ives. (2010). Status of fisheries resources in NSW 2008/09 . NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cronulla, Australia, 337-339.
Shao, K. T. (2017). the Fish Database of Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan. http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw (06/16/2017)
Shen, S. J. and G. Y. Wu. (2011). Fishes of Taiwan. National museum of marine biology and aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, 484 pp. (In Chinese)
Shimose, T. and K. Tachihara. (2005). Age, growth and maturation of the blackspot snapper Lutjanus fulviflammus around Okinawa Island, Japan. Fisheries Science, 71: 48-55.
Smith, C. L. (1983). Summary of round table discussion on back calculation. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 8: 45-47.
Smith, M. M. and P. C. Heemstra. (1986). Smith’s Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, USA, 1047 pp.
Sommer, C., W. Schneider, and J. M. Poutiers. (1996). The living marine resoures of Somalia (FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 376 pp.
Tetsuro, S., K. Okamoto, M. Yoneda,T. Sakai, S. Ohshimo, S. Onoe, A. Yamaguchi, and M. Matsuyama. (2008). Age validation, growth and annual reproductive cycle of chub mackerel Scomber japonicas off the waters of northern Kyushu and in the East China Sea. Fisheries Science, 74: 947–954.
TFSDA. (2017). Taiwan fisheries sustainable development association, Keelung, Taiwan. www.tfsda.org.tw (06/20/2017)
Torres, F. S. B. Jr. (1991). Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, part I. Length-weight relationship. Fishbyte, 9(1): 50-53.
Van der Elst, R. P. (1988). A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, southern Africa, 398 pp.
Velasco, E. M., N. Jiménez-Tenorio, J. Del Arbol, M. A. Bruzón, J. Baro, and I. Sobrino. (2011). Age, growth and reproduction of the axillary seabream, Pagellus acarne, in the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters off southern Spain. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(6), 1243-1253.
Von Bertalanffy, L. (1938). A quantitative theory of organic growth (Inquires on growth laws II). Human Biology, 10: 181-213.
Wallace, J. H. (1975). The estuarine fishes of the east coast of South Africa: III. Reproduction. Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, 41: 1-51.
Wei, S. H. (2011). Effects of low fishmeal and non-fishmeal diets on the growth performance of Silver sea bream (Rhabdosargus sarba). M.S. Thesis, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 63 pp. (In Chinese)
Whitfield, A. K. (1998). Biology and ecology of fishes in southern African estuaries (Ichthyological Monographs of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, No. 2). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 9(3): 271-272.
Yamaguchi, M. (1975). Estimating growth parameters from growth rate data. Ocologia, 20: 321-332.
Yeung, W. S. and S. T. Chan. (1987). The gonadal anatomy and sexual pattern of the protandrous, sex reversing fish. Zoology, 212(3): 521-532.
Yin, M. C. (1998). Fish ecology. The Sueichan Press. Keelung, Taiwan. 536 pp.
Yoneda, M., M. Tokimura, H. Fujita, N. Takeshita, K. Takeshita, M. Matsuyama, and S. Maysuura. (1998). Age and growth of the anglerfish (Lophiomus setigerus) in the East China Sea. Fisheries Science, 64: 379-384.
York, P. H., D. J. Booth, T. M. Glasby, and B. C. Pease. (2006). Fish assemblages in habitats dominated by Caulerpa taxifolia and native seagrasses in south-eastern Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 312: 223-234.
Yu, P. S. (2016). Study on reproduction, age and growth of Inegocia japonica in Waters off Southwestern Taiwan. M.S. Thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 86 pp. (In Chinese)
Yuan, Z. A. (2014). A guide to sea-fish. Wan Li Book Co., Ltd., Quarry Bay, Hong Kong, 192 pp.
Zhang, Z. (1992). Ultrastructure of otolith increments and checks in the teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus. Morphology, 211: 213-220.