臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文整合變頻供電系統與靜態虛功率補償架構，組立完成具靜態虛功率補償感應發電機變頻供電系統。感應機具有設備成本低、結構簡單、高效率重量比及過載與短路保護能力等優點，常使用於機組容量較小之風力發電場合。但輸出電力會因轉速、負載及功因的變化，引起頻率及電壓變動。本論文結合變頻供電系統及靜態虛功率補償架構，可有效抑制感應發電系統因負載所引起的電壓變化，使輸出電壓穩定於目標值，大幅提高感應發電機輸出的電力品質。
變頻供電系統將發電機端電壓經三相整流濾波後，得一直流輸出電壓提供變流器作變頻供電，因此輸出電壓頻率不受發電機轉子速度影響，並可依命令動態調整輸出電壓頻率至目標值。靜態虛功率補償器對感應發電機在高電壓、加載及卸載下皆可有效的補償發電機輸出電壓穩定度。並在此兩個系統內植入灰決策預測控制器，灰色預測控制器具有預測系統響應趨勢及事前補償控制之功能，加上以灰決策動態調整預測步距，使變頻供電系統及靜態虛功率補償器有更優異的動態性能。
經實作驗證，所研製完成之感應發電機系統，對電壓及轉速變動之調適有快速而優異的動態響應，可大幅提昇自激式感應發電機系統之供電品質與電壓穩定度。

This thesis integrates the inverting power supply system and the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) to form an inverting power supply system for induction generator with SVC. The advantages of induction generator includes lower cost, simple structure, high power-weight ratio, protection ability of over load and short circuit, so that the induction generators are widely used in smaller capacity power station.
However, there are drawbacks of the conventional induction generators, the output voltage and frequency are easily and instantaneously affected by rotational speed of rotor, system load, and the power factor. It leads that the output frequency at the generator terminal is irritable and the voltage regulation is deteriorated. To solve the problems, this thesis proposes a novel induction generator system, which combines the inverting power supply system and SVC, to restrain voltage fluctuation due to the change load of induction generator system. As a result, the output voltage will steadily remain at the set point and increase the quality of output voltage of induction generator.
For the inverting power supply system, the output voltage of the generator is converted by a three-phase converter, filtered by an L-C filter, and then supplied to inverter as the DC input. As a result, the output frequency is independent of generator’s rotor speed, and the output frequency can be dynamically regulated to the set-point frequency by adjust the inverter. In addition, SVC can effectively improve the voltage regulation performance of induction generator system in the conditions of high voltage, loading, and unloading. Furthermore, Grey Decision Prediction Controller (GDPC) is embedded into the two modules of induction generator system. The grey prediction function can predict the trend of the system response and proactively compensate the considered system. In addition, the grey decision function can dynamically regulate steps of grey prediction to enhance the performance of dynamic behaviors of the inverting power supply system and SVC.
Experiment results show that the proposed induction generator system has quick and excellent dynamic response in the variations of voltage and rotor’s speed. The designed system can dramatically improve the supply quality of elf-excited induction-generator and the stability of output voltage.

目 錄

中文摘要..................................................i
英文摘要.................................................ii
誌 謝...................................................iv
目 錄....................................................v
表目錄.................................................viii
圖目錄...................................................ix
第一章 緒論..............................................1
1. 研究動機與目的....................................1
1.2 相關文獻回顧......................................2
1.3 內容大綱..........................................3
第二章 灰色系統理論......................................4
2.1 前言..............................................4
2.2 灰色系統理論簡介..................................4
2.3 灰色預測模型導論..................................6
2.3.1 數據擷取..........................................7
2.3.2 灰色生成..........................................8
2.3.3 灰色建模.........................................10
2.3.4 內涵型灰色預測控制器模型.........................13
2.4 灰色決策導論.....................................16
2.4.1 決策基本概念.....................................16
2.4.2 綜合多目標灰色局勢決策...........................18
2.5 內涵型灰色決策預測控制器設計.....................21
2.5.1 灰色預測控制器模型分析...........................21
2.5.2 灰色決策動態步距模型設計.........................23
2.5.3 內涵型灰色決策預測控制器模型.....................27
2.6 結語.............................................29
第三章 自激式感應發電機系統理論.........................30
3.1 前言.............................................30
3.2 感應發電機之自激發電原理.........................30
3.3 自激式感應發電機之數學模型.......................31
3.4 自激電容器組之最小電容值計算.....................36
3.5 三相變流器之原理.................................42
3.6 靜態虛功率補償器之原理...........................45
3.7 結語.............................................47
第四章 SEIG系統設計與實作...............................48
4.1 前言.............................................48
4.2 系統架構.........................................48
4.3 工作原理.........................................49
4.4 實驗設備.........................................53
4.4.1 變頻供電系統架構.................................53
4.4.2 靜態虛功率補償器架構.............................55
4.5 結語.............................................61
第五章 實驗結果與分析...................................62
5.1 前言.............................................62
5.2 實驗設備.........................................62
5.3 轉速變動下之SVC補償特性實驗......................63
5.4 具SVC感應發電機系統變頻供電特性實驗..............69
5.5 不同負載條件下SVC補償實驗........................78
5.6 結語.............................................86
第六章 結論與建議.......................................87
6.1 結論.............................................87
6.2 建議與未來研究方向...............................87
參考文獻.................................................89
附錄A 符號彙編...........................................92
附錄B 實驗電機規格.......................................94
附錄C 實驗設備照片.......................................95
作者簡介.................................................97




表目錄

表1 SEIG單相等效參數表(Y接)......................40
表2 自激式感應發電機建立電壓所需之最小電容值表...40
表3 影響最小電容值關係表.........................42






圖目錄

圖2.1 灰色建模架構圖...................................11
圖2.2 內涵型灰色預測架構圖.............................16
圖2.3 灰色預測控制器架構圖.............................22
圖2.4 單位回授之三階系統方塊圖.........................22
圖2.5 植入內涵型灰色預測模型之三階系統方塊圖...........22
圖2.6 三階系統輸出響應圖...............................23
圖2.7 系統動態響應圖...................................26
圖2.8 內涵型灰色決策預測控制架構圖.....................27
圖2.9 植入IGDPC之三階控制系統..........................28
圖2.10 不同目標下IGDPC輸出響應圖........................28
圖2.11 灰決策動態步距與固定步距下IGDPC輸出響應圖........29
圖3.1 獨立自激式感應發電機系統架構圖...................31
圖3.2 三相感應機定子繞組與轉子繞組.....................32
圖3.3 感應發電機在靜止d-q 軸參考座標下之等效電路圖.....36
圖3.4 感應發電機磁化曲線與自激電容值關係圖.............37
圖3.5 SEIG單相等效電路(Ⅰ).............................39
圖3.6 SEIG單相等效電路(Ⅱ).............................40
圖3.7 不同轉速下所需之最小自激電容值...................41
圖3.8 不同負載下所需之最小自激電容值...................41
圖3.9 三相變流器架構圖.................................43
圖3.10 SPWM Inverter之控制與輸出波形圖..................44
圖3.11 三相電流型SVC架構圖..............................46
圖3.12 三相電流型SVC輸入輸出波形圖......................47
圖4.1 具靜態虛功率補償感應發電機變頻供電系統架構圖.....48
圖4.2 變頻供電系統波形圖 (a)發電機端電壓 (b)經三相整流
後之漣波直流電壓 (c)濾波後之直流電壓 (d)三角載波
(vtri)及三相弦波電壓命令(vcontrol) (e)(f)(g)分別
為變流器a、b及c相之控制訊號......................51
圖4.3 SVC輸入電壓與IGBT控制訊號圖 (a)輸入三相電壓
(b)Duty Cycle = 1 (c)Duty Cycle = 0.5
(d)Duty Cycle = 0.2 (e)vdc2( Duty Cycle = 1)
(f)vdc2( Duty Cycle = 0.5)
(g)vdc2( Duty Cycle=0.2).........................52
圖4.4 具靜態虛功率補償感應發電機變頻供電系統硬體架構
圖...............................................53
圖4.5 驅動介面卡架構方塊圖.............................55
圖4.6 緩衝電路.........................................56
圖4.7 相位判別電路.....................................59
圖4.8 相位判別電路訊號波形圖...........................60
圖4.9 光耦合驅動電路圖.................................60
圖5.1 無SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響 (a)發電
機轉軸轉速 (b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)發電機線電
壓 (d)發電機線電流...............................63
圖5.2 PIC之SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響 (a)
發電機轉軸轉速 (b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤
差值 (d)SVC責任週期..............................65
圖5.2(續) PIC之SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響
(e)發電機線電壓 (f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流
側電壓 (h)SVC直流側電流.......................65
圖5.3 IGDPC之SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響
(a)發電機轉軸轉速 (b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電
壓誤差 (d)SVC責任週期............................67
圖5.3(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響
(e)發電機線電壓 (f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側
電壓 (h)SVC直流側電流.........................67
圖5.3(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，發電機轉速對輸出電壓的影響
(i)灰決策誤差量 (j)灰決策誤差變動量 (k)灰決
策動態步距 (l)IGDPC輸出量.....................68
圖5.4 在轉速變動下，發電機輸出電壓響應比較圖...........69
圖5.5 無SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (a)發電機轉軸轉速 (b)
發電機電壓有效值 (c)發電機線電壓
(d)發電機線電流..................................70
圖5.5(續) 無SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (e)電動機轉速響應
(f)電動機輸入電流............................71
圖5.6 PIC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差
(d)SVC責任週期...................................72
圖5.6(續) PIC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流.............................73
圖5.6(續) PIC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (i)電動機轉速響應
(j)電動機輸入電流............................73
圖5.7 IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差值
(d)SVC責任週期...................................74
圖5.7(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流.............................75
圖5.7(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (i)灰決策誤差量
(j)灰決策誤差變動量 (k)灰決策動態步距
(l)IGDPC輸出量...............................75
圖5.7(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=1200rpm) (m)電動機轉速響應
(n)電動機輸入電流............................76
圖5.8 在負載變動下，發電機輸出電壓響應比較圖...........77
圖5.9 IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=600rpm)(a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差值
(d)SVC責任週期...................................78
圖5.9(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=600rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流.............................79
圖5.9(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=600rpm) (i)電動機轉速響應
(j)電動機輸入電流............................79
圖5.10 IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=600rpm)(a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差值
(d)SVC責任週期..................................80
圖5.10(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=600rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流............................81
圖5.10(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=600rpm) (i)電動機轉速響應
(j)電動機輸入電流...........................81
圖5.11 IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=900rpm)(a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差值
(d)SVC責任週期..................................82
圖5.11(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=900rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流............................83
圖5.11(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=0.5Nm，ωr*=900rpm) (i)電動機轉速響應
(j)電動機輸入電流...........................83
圖5.12 IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=900rpm)(a)發電機轉軸轉速
(b)發電機線電壓有效值 (c)線電壓誤差值
(d)SVC責任週期..................................84
圖5.12(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=900rpm) (e)發電機線電壓
(f)發電機線電流 (g)SVC直流側電壓
(h)SVC直流側電流........... ................85
圖5.12(續) IGDPC之SVC補償下，電動機負載起動實驗
(TL=1Nm，ωr*=900rpm) (i)電動機轉速響應
(j)電動機輸入電流...........................85

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