臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文援引拉岡及克莉斯蒂娃之精神分析理論，探討喬伊思的兩部小說:《一個年輕藝術家的畫像》及《尤利西斯》。筆者認為在喬伊思文本中，符號界與象徵界之間劇烈的辦證過程，既是符號的力量，也是對母親身體的執迷。而體現於喬伊思多變文體中，母親的身體是高度不安定的恐怖力量，卻也是創作過程不可或缺的火種。

藉由拉岡的鏡像理論，筆者試圖探討喬伊思在《一個年輕藝術家的畫像》中對主體形成的創見及小說中對史蒂芬的批判。筆者認為，喬伊思早期作品中對語言及體制的高度自覺，可視為對父親之名與律法的反動。在《一個年輕藝術家的畫像中》，這種隱而不顯的慾望常隱藏在文本細節中，而到了《尤利西斯》，經由小說形式與語言的實驗以及對布魯姆夫婦不尋常的人物刻劃，相當成功地顛覆了父權社會的單一邏輯。

在討論《尤利西斯》的過程中，筆者挪用克莉斯蒂娃的詩語言、宮籟及賤斥等論述，企圖探究《尤利西斯》文本中一字多義、恣意斷裂、繁複等特色。筆者同時認為，《尤利西斯》的最後一章，相當程度的呈現陰性語言的韻律及對母親身體的想像。

Abstract

This thesis seeks to explore the semiotic traces in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses with the hope to map Joyce''s increasing tendency to embrace the unnamable semiotic, which is foregrounded not so much to threaten as to nourish an artist''s imagination. It is my hope to demonstrate the constant tensions between the Symbolic and the semiotic in Joyce''s texts. To borrow Kristeva''s words, I hope to show that in Joyce''s text "language and its rhythm [are] never one without the other, and [artistic] formulation will continue as long as the struggle does" (Kristeva 1980, 29). In so doing, I hope to read Joyce''s texts, especially Ulysses, as signifying practice Kristeva proposes-- to "demystify...the community of language as a universal and unifying tool, one which totalizes and equalizes" (Kristeva 1986, 210) and to demonstrate "the multiplicity of every person''s possible identifications" (Kristeva 1986, 210), acted out by Bloom and Molly.

Lacan’s theorization of the Symbolic order enables us to read Stephen Dedalus’s psyche in A Portrait of the Artist as an Young Man as a subject of Cartesian cogito, and thereby uncovering Joyce’s critique of Stephen’s assumptions of art and life. It is not difficult for us to see that Stephen’s growth fits quite neatly to Lacan’s early theorization of the mirror stage. By tracing Stephen’s growth as a budding artist in A Portrait, we can discover a trajectory of Stephen’s subject formation as a process of further entanglement with the symbolic order, which dominates Stephen''s imagination with a network of signifiers.

After invoking Lacan''s psychoanalytic insights, I draw on Kristeva’s theorization of the semiotic. Kristeva’s engagement in unraveling the process of abjection extends dimension to Lacan’s subject theory. In my opinion, her theory can help me to discuss the indeterminacy of Joyce’s language and the unnamable jouissance inherent in Joyce’s writing. In “poetic language,” Kristeva discovers the signifying process constituted by a dialectical interaction between the symbolic and the semiotic. Kristeva’s unique reading of language points to the gap of language which has the power to subvert the rigidity of the “signifying system” proposed by Lacan. If Kristeva’s semiotic is more important to my thesis, it is not due to my stronger belief in her theory instead of Lacan’s. Rather, it is due to the fact that the language in Ulysses often points to the possibility of such a semiotic reading. I propose to investigate Joyce’s implicit desire in A Portrait of the Artist as an Young Man and Ulysses as an attempt to explore the scope beyond the Symbolic. In my thesis, I underscore the mother as a powerful authority to battle with the Symbolic order in Joyce''s texts. Further, by investigating the maternal traces Joyce presents in these two novels, I discover mother in Joyce’s text a valuable space for me to see how Joyce pushes the boundary of the symbolic towards the semiotic.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction: Self, the Other and the Semiotic in A Portrait and Ulysses 1

Chapter One: Stephen as an other to himself 17
1. Baby Tuckoo in the Mirror 17
2. Stephen Goes to School 21
3. Stephen’s Desire as the Other’s Desire 32

Chapter Two: Stephen in mourning 40
1. Art as the Saving Grace 40
2. Dialectics between the Symbolic and the Semiotic 46
3. Womb and Milk 54

Chapter Three: Bloom is a Jew 61
1. "the Citizen" and the Jew 62
2. Bloom as Irish/ Transgressing the Abjection 70
3. ShakespeareBloomStephen 77

Chapter Four: Woman as the other 84
1. Women in Dublin 84
2. A Feminist Text from a "Masculinist" Author 92
3. Molly''s Style 99

Conclusion: Going beyond the Symbolic 108

Works cited
Atridge, Derek. Joyce Effects: On Language, Theory and History. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.
---. ed. Semicolonial Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.
Bell, Robert H., Jocoserious Joyce. Ithaca: Cornell U. P., 1991. Print.
Benstock, Bernard. James Joyce. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1985. Print.
Benvenuto, Bice., and Kennedy Roger. The Works of Jacques Lacan: An Introduction. London: Free Association Books, 1986. Print.
Boheemen-Saaf, Christine Van, Joyce, Derrida, Lacan, and the Trauma of History: Reading, Narrative and Postcolonialism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999. Print.
---. "Molly''s Heavenly Body and the Economy of Sign: The Invention of Gender in ''Penelope." Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Ulysses-En-Gendered Perspectives. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999. Print.
---. "Joyce, Derrida, and the Discourse of ''the Other''" James Joyce: The Augmented Ninth. ed. Bernard Benstock. Syracus: Syracus UP, 1988. Print.
Booker, M. Keith. Joyce, Bakhtin, and the Literary Tradition: Toward a Comparative Cultural Poetics. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1995. Print.
Brivic, Shelly. Joyce through Lacan and Zizek: Explorations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print.
---. The Veil of Signs: Joyce, Lacan, and Perception. Urbana and Chicago: U. of Illinois P, 1991. Print.
Brown, Richard. James Joyce and Sexuality. New York: Cambridge UP, 1985. Print.
Budgen, Frank. James Joyce and the Making of Ulysses. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1960. Print.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminist and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge, 1990. Print.
---. "The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva." Ethics, Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva''s Writing. ed. Kelly Oliver. New York: Routledge, 1993. Print.
Cheng, Vincent J. Joyce, Race and Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1995. Print.
Cixous, H&;eacute;l&;#275;ne. The Exile of James Joyce. Trans. Sally A. J. Purcell. New York: David Lewis, 1972. Print.
Devlin, Kimberly J. "Visual Shades and Shades of Visibility." Ulysses-En-Gendered Perspectives: Eighteen New Essays on the Episodes. Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999. Print.
Duffy, Enda. "Interesting States: Birthing and the Nation in ''Oxen of the Sun." Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Ulysses-En-Gendered Perspectives. Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999. Print.
Edelstein, Marilyn. "Toward a Feminist Postmodern Polethique: Kristeva on Ethics and Politics." Ethics Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva''s Writing. Ed. Kelly Oliver. New York: Routledge, 1993. Print.
Ellmann, Maud. "Polytropic Man: Paternity, Identity and Naming in The Odyssey and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man." James Joyce: New Perspectives. Ed. Colin MacCabe. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982. Print.
Evan, Dylan. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
Ferrer, Daniel. "Circe, Regret and Regression." Post-Structuralist Joyce. ed. Derek Attridge and Daniel Ferrer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1984. Print.
Fink, Bruce. The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance. New Jersey: Princeton U.P., 1995. Print.
---. Lacan to the Letter: Reading &;#274;crits Closely. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2002. Print.
Fletcher, John. and Andrew Benjamin. Ed. Abjection, Melancholia, And Love: The Work of Julia Kristeva. London: Routledge, 1990. Print.
Freud, Sigmund. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York: WWW. Norton, 1989. Print.
French, Marilyn. The Book as World: James Joyce''s Ulysses. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1976. Print.
---. "Women in Joyce''s Dublin." James Joyce: The Augmented Ninth. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Syracus: Syracus UP, 1988. Print.
Froula, Christine. Modernism''s Body: Sex, Culture, and Joyce. New York: Columbia UP, 1996. Print.
Gifford, Don., and Robert J. Seidman Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce’s Ulysses. California: U of California Press, 1988. Print.
Gallop, Jane. Reading Lacan. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1985. Print.
---. The Daughter''s Seduction. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1982. Print.
Gorman, Herbert. James Joyce. New York: Rinehart, 1948. Print.
Graybeal, Jean. "Joying in the Truth of Self-Division." Body/Text in Julia Kristeva: Religion, Women, and Psychoanalysis. Ed. David R. Crownfield. Albany: State University of New York P, 1992. Print.
Grigg, Russell. "From the Mechanism of Psychosis to the Universal Condition of the Symptom: On Foreclosure." Ed. Dany Nobus. Key Concepts of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. London: Rebus, 1998. Print.
Harkness, Marguerite. The Aesthetics of Dedalus and Bloom. Cranbury: Associated U.P., 1984. Print.
Henke, Suzette. James Joyce and the Politics of Desire. London: Routledge, 1990. Print.
---. "Gerty MacDowell: Joyce''s Sentimental Heroine." Women in Joyce. Ed. Suzette Henke and Elaine Unkeless. Brighton: The Harvester P Limited, 1982. Print.
---. "Sephen Dedalus and Women: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Misogynist." Women in Joyce. Brighton: The Harvester P Limited, 1982. Print.
Homer, Sean. Jacques Lacan. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.
Iriraray, Luce. This Sex Is Not One. New York: Cornell U P, 1985. Print.
Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York: Random House, 1986. Print.
---. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Taiwan: Bookman Books, ?
---. Selected Letters of James Joyce. ed. Richard Ellmann. New York: The Viking Press, 1966. Print.
Kenner, Hugh. Dublin''s Joyce. Boston: Beacon, 1956. Print.
Kimball, Jean. "Freud, Leonardo, and Joyce: The Dimensions of a Childhood Memory." The Seventh of Joyce. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1982. Print.
Kristeva, Julia. Black Sun: Depression and Melancholy. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1989. Print.
---. Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia U.P., 1980. Print.
---. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1982. Print.
---. Revolution in Poetic Language. Trans. Margaret Waller. New York: Columbia U.P., 1984. Print.
---. In the Beginning was Love. Trans. Arthur Goldhammer. New York: Columbia UP, 1987. Print.
---. Tales of Love. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Columbia UP, 1987 a. Print.
---. "Women''s Time." The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Print.
---. The Portable Kristeva. Ed. Kelly Oliver. New York: Columbia UP, 1997. Print.
---. "Joyce ''the Gracehoper'' or the Return of Orpheus." James Joyce: The Augmented Ninth. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Syracus: Syracus UP, 1988. Print.
Lacan, Jacques. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: W.W. Norton&; company, 1981. Print.
---. The Ego in Freud''s Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955. Trans. Sylvan Tomaselli. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988. Print.
---. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960: The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book VII. Tran. Dennis Porter. New York: W.W. Norton&; company, 1992. Print.
---. The Language of the Self. Trans. Anthony Widen. London: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1968. Print.
---. The Psychoses 1955-1956. Trans. Russell Grigg. New York: W.W. Norton &; Company, 1993. Print.
---. &;#274;crits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: WW. Norton &; company, 1997. Print.
---. &;#274;crits. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W.W. Norton, 2006. Print.
---. Encore. The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book XX: on Feminine Sexuality: The Limits of Love and Language (1972-1973). Ed. Jacques Alain Miller. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: Norton, 1999. Print.
Lawrence, Karen. Who''s Afraid of Joyce? Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2010. Print.
Lechte, John. Julia Kristeva. New York: Routledge, 1990. Print.
---. The Kristeva Critical Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2003. Print.
Leonard, Garry M. "Joyce and Lacan: the Twin Narratives of History and His[$]tory in the ''Nestor'' Chapter of Ulysses." Joyce in Context. Ed. Vincent J. Cheng and Timothy Martin. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1992. Print.
---. "A Little Trouble about Those White Corpuscles." Ulysses--Engendered Perspectives: Eighteen New Essays on the Episodes. Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum.Columbia: U of South Carolina P, 1999. Print.
McCabe, Colin. James Joyce and the Revolution of the Word. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Print.
McGee, Patrick. Paperspace: Style as Ideology in James Joyce’s Ulysses. Lincoln: U. of Nebraska, 1988. Print.
Mahaffey, Vicki. Reauthorizing Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988. Print.
Manista, Frank C. Voice, Boundary, and Identity in the Works of James Joyce. New York: Edwin Mellen, 2006. Print.
Nobus, Dany. "Life and Death in the Glass: A New Look at the Mirror Stage. Ed. Dany Nobus. Key Concepts of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. London: Rebus, 1998. Print.
Nolan, Emer. James Joyce and Nationalism. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.
Norris, Margot. Joyce''s Web. Austin: U of Texas P, 1992. Print.
Oliver, Kelly. Reading Kristeva: Unraveling the Double-bind. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1993. Print.
---. , Ed. Ethics, Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva''s Writing. New York: Routledge, 1993.
Pierce, David. Reading Joyce. Gosport: Ashford Colour, 2008. Print.
Rabate, Jean-Michel, Ed. Palgrave Advances in James Joyce Studies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.
Ragland-Sullivan, Ellie. Jacques Lacan and the Philosophy of Psychoanalysis. London: Croom Helm, 1986. Print.
Rickard, John S. Joyce’s Book of Memory. Durham and London: Duke UP, 1999. Print.
Riquelme, John Paul. Teller and Tale in Joyce''s Fiction: Oscillating Perspectives. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1983. Print.
Salecl, Renata. "I Can''t Love You Unless I Give You Up." Gaze and Voice as Love Objects. Ed. Renata Salecl and Slavoj &;#381;i&;#382;ek. Durham: Duke UP, 1996. Print.
Sarup, Madan. Jacques Lacan. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992. Print.
Schwarz, Daniel R. Reading Joyce''s Ulysses. Tiptree: Macmillan, 1987. Print.
Scott, Bonnie Kime. Joyce and Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1984. Print.
---. James Joyce. Brighton: The Harvester P, 1987. Print.
Seidel, Michael. James Joyce. Massachusetts: Blackwell, 2002. Print.
Smith, Anna. Julia Kristeva: Readings of Exile and Estrangement. London: Macmillan, 1996. Print.
Smith, Anne-Marie. Julia Kristeva. London: Pluto, 1998.
Snead, James A. "Some Prefatory Remarks on Character in Joyce." James Joyce: The Augmented Ninth. Ed. Bernard Benstock. Syracuse: Syracus UP, 1988. Print.
Spinks, Lee. James Joyce. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P., 2009. Print.
Spoo, Robert. James Joyce and the Language of History: Dedalus’s Nightmare. New York: Oxford UP, 1994. Print.
Thwaites, Toni. Joycean Temporalities. Gainesville: U P of Florida, 2001. Print.
Thurston, Luke. "Sinthome." An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. Ed. Dylan Evans. London: Routledge, 1996. Print.
Valente, Joseph. "The Perils of Masculinity in ''Scylla and Charybdis." Ulysses-- En-Gendered Perspectives. Ed. Kimberly J. Devlin and Marilyn Reizbaum. Columbia: U of South Carolina, 1999.
&;#381;i&;#382;ek, Slavoj. Enjoy Your Symptom, New York: Routledge, 2001. Print.
---. The Plague of Fantasy. London: Verso, 1997. Print.
---. For They Know Not What They Do: Enjoyment as a Political Factor. London: Verso, 1991a. Print.
---. How to Read Lacan. New York: W.W. Norton &; Company, 2006. Print.