臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用異丙醇鈦 ( TTIP ) 作為製備二氧化鈦前驅物，並用在鹼性條件下以水熱法製備具奈米結構的方形二氧化鈦。在進行水熱反應前的二氧化鈦溶液中，加入不同烷基鏈的銨鹽：氨水 ( NH4OH ) 、氫氧化四甲銨 ( TMAH )、氫氧化四乙銨 ( TEAH ) 及氫氧化四丁銨 ( TBAH ) 用以調控二氧化鈦的結晶過程。反應完成後的二氧化鈦晶相、形狀與形貌將用XRD、TEM、SEM進行晶相、形狀及形貌分析。研究結果可以發現水熱完成後的二氧化鈦晶相為純銳鈦礦相，而且具有緊密排列的方形結構。烷基長度與水熱時間對於方形奈米二氧化鈦的成形有明顯的影響，當添加具有較長烷基的結構，形成方形奈米二氧化鈦所需的時間就越短，反之亦然，上述的方形二氧化鈦也將製備成為光陽極材料，並應用在染料敏化太陽能電池上，本研究並系統性的比較烷基長度對於所得二氧化鈦應用在染料敏化太陽能電池光電轉換效率的影響。

TiO2 nanocubes were synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide as Ti precursors, followed by hydrothermal treatment under the basic condition. Various kinds of TiO2 colloids were prepared by adding ammonium salts with different alkyl chains such as ammonium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide before hydrothermal crystallization. The crystal phase, shape, and morphology of TiO2 nanocubes were studied by XRD, TEM, and SEM analysis. It was found that the TiO2 nanocubes were pure anatase and tended to assemble with well-ordered and close-packed domains. Both alkyl length and hydrothermal duration influence the TiO2 nanocube formation efficiency. The ammonium salts with longer alkyl chain could form TiO2 nanocubes in shorter hydrothermal time and vice versa. The above TiO2 nanocubes were applied as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells. A systematic comparison between alkyl chain length and the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs fabricated by various TiO2 nanocubes were discussed in this work.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 3
2.1 二氧化鈦的介紹 3
2.1.1 二氧化鈦的結構與特性 3
2.1.2 二氧化鈦的製備 4
2.1.3 二氧化鈦的應用 6
2.2太陽能電池簡介 7
2.3 染料敏化太陽能電池 10
2.3.1 近年發展 10
2.3.2 染料敏化太陽能電池的工作原理 11
2.3.3 染料敏化太陽能電池的組成 13
2.4 各種二氧化鈦形狀文獻回顧 19
2.5 方型二氧化鈦文獻回顧 27
2.6 不同碳鏈長短的銨鹽應用於染料敏化太陽能電池之文獻回顧 32
第三章 實驗藥品與儀器理論介紹 34
3.1 實驗藥品及實驗儀器清單 34
3.2 二氧化鈦奈米粒子之漿料製備 38
3.2.1 銳鈦礦相之球型 ( a-TiO2 ) 二氧化鈦奈米粒子製備 38
3.2.2 利用氨水製備銳鈦礦相二氧化鈦奈米粒子 ( b1 ) 39
3.2.3 利用氫氧化四甲銨製備銳鈦礦相二氧化鈦 ( b2 ) 40
3.2.4 利用氫氧化四乙銨製備銳鈦礦相二氧化鈦 ( b3 ) 41
3.2.5 利用氫氧化四丁銨製備銳鈦礦相二氧化鈦 ( b4 ) 42
3.2.6 銳鈦礦相二氧化鈦奈米粒子之漿料 ( paste ) 製備 43
3.3 粉末與薄膜特性分析 44
3.3.1 X光繞射分析儀 ( XRD ) 45
3.3.2 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 50
3.3.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 52
3.3.4 紫外光/可見光吸收光譜分析儀 ( UV/Vis ) 53
3.3.5 表面輪廓儀 56
3.4 染料敏化太陽能之製備與組裝 57
3.5 染料敏化太陽能的光電分析儀器 60
3.5.1 光電轉換效率 ( I-V ) 60
3.5.2 入射單色光子-電子轉換效率 ( IPCE ) 62
3.5.3 電化學頻譜阻抗 ( EIS ) 63
第四章 結果與討論 69
4.1 探討水熱條件下對不同填充率所製備出的二氧化鈦特性分析 70
4.1.1 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( A1 ) 70
4.1.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( A1 ) 72
4.1.3 X光繞射儀 ( XRD ) 分析 ( A1 ) 73
4.1.4 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( A6 ) 75
4.1.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( A6 ) 77
4.1.6 X光繞射儀 ( XRD ) 分析 ( A6 ) 78
4.1.7 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( A12 ) 79
4.1.8 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( A12 ) 81
4.1.9 X光繞射儀 ( XRD ) 分析 ( A12 ) 83
4.1.10 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( A24 ) 84
4.1.11 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( A24 ) 86
4.1.12 X光繞射儀 ( XRD ) 分析 ( A24 ) 88
4.1.13 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( a1 ) 89
4.1.14 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( a1 ) 91
4.1.15 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( a6 ) 93
4.1.16 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( a6 ) 95
4.1.17 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( a12 ) 97
4.1.18 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( a12 ) 99
4.1.19 穿透式電子顯微鏡 ( TEM ) 分析 ( a24 ) 100
4.1.20 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) 分析 ( a24 ) 102
4.2 漿料塗佈於導電玻璃上的SEM分析 104
4.3 混摻後之二氧化鈦漿料塗佈於導電玻璃上的SEM分析 106
4.4染料敏化太陽能電池之元件光電分析 108
4.4.1 銨鹽系列之電壓-電流特性曲線 ( I-V Curve) 108
4.4.2 銨鹽系列之入射單色光子-電子轉化效率 ( IPCE ) 之量測結果 111
4.4.3 銨鹽系列之電化學頻譜阻抗 ( EIS ) 之量測結果 112
4.4.4 混摻球型與方形之電壓-電流特性曲線 ( I-V Curve ) 113
4.4.5 混摻球型與方形之入射單色光子-電子轉換效率 ( IPCE ) 116
4.4.6混摻球型與方形之電化學頻譜阻抗 ( EIS ) 之量測結果 117
第五章 結論 119
第六章 未來展望 121
參考文獻 122

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