臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出新低電壓正型第二代電流傳輸器(positive second-generation current conveyor, CCII+)與負型第二代電流傳輸器(negative second-generation current conveyor, CCII-)，以及適用於可攜式儀表和量測系統的電流回授放大器(current feedback amplifier, CFA)、多輸出電流傳輸器(multi-output current conveyor, MOCCII)、振盪器(oscillator)與濾波器(filter)等的應用電路。
本論文提出的電流傳輸器是以反向器構成的低電壓誤差放大器為基礎，加上正型電流鏡或負型電流鏡所組成。這個電流傳輸器晶片不包含電容，且可以跟標準的互補性氧化金屬半導體(complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, CMOS)數位製程相容，因此它將可以降低晶片製造的成本。
而且這個電路沒有疊加的金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET)電晶體架構，所以它很容易設計且適用於低電壓操作。這個CCII+/CCI-可以工作在非常低的電壓下，如±0.5V。這二個CCII已經透過台灣積體電路公司以0.18微米製程製作成晶片，而且經過適合可攜式儀表與量測系統的CCII+ 振盪器與CCII- 濾波器驗證。

The new low-voltage positive type second-generation current conveyor (CCII+), the negative type second-generation current conveyor (CCII-), their current feedback amplifier (CFA), the multi-output second-generation current conveyor (MOCCII), and the oscillator and filter applications suitable for portable instrument and measurement systems are proposed in the paper. The proposed current conveyors are based on an inverter-based low-voltage error amplifier, and a positive or negative current mirror. There are no on-chip capacitors in the proposed current conveyors, and can be designed with standard CMOS digital processes which will reduce the cost of chip fabrication. Moreover, the architecture of the proposed circuits without cascoded MOSFET transistors is easily designed and suitable for low-voltage operation. The CCII+/CCII- could be operated in a very low supply voltage such as ±0.5V. These proposed CCIIs have been fabricated with TSMC 0.18um CMOS processes and applied to low-voltage CCII oscillators and filters suitable for portable instrument and measurement systems.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Thesis Architecture 3

CHAPTER 2 CURRENT CONVEYOR BASICS AND FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.1.1 CCI 5
2.1.2 CCII 7
2.1.3 The ideal CCII 8
2.1.4 The real CCII 8
2.2 CCII Topologies 9
2.2.1 NMOS based CCII 9
2.2.2 Current mirror based CCII 9
2.2.3 Differential pair based CCII 11
2.3 Low-voltage CCII Applications 15
2.3.1 Basic Applications 15
2.3.2 CCII-based Filters 17
2.3.3 CCII-based Oscillators 19
2.3.4 Other Applications 21
2.4 Summary 22

CHAPTER 3 A NEW LOW-VOLTAGE POSITIVE SECOND-GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS OSCILLATOR APPLICATION 23
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Circuit Description 25
3.3 Application 32
3.4 Simulation Results 33
3.4.1 CCII+ Simulation Results 33
3.4.2 Oscillator Simulation Results 37
3.5 Experimental Results 39
3.5.1 CCII+ Experimental Results 39
3.5.2 Oscillator Experimental Results 41
3.6 Summary 44

CHAPTER 4 A NEW LOW-VOLTAGE NEGATIVE SECOND-GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS FILTER APPLICATION 45
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Circuit Description 47
4.3 Applications 54
4.4 Simulation Results 55
4.4.1 CCII- Simulation Results 55
4.4.2 Filter Simulation Result 60
4.5 Experimental Results 62
4.5.1 CCII Experimental Results 62
4.5.2 Filter Experimental Result 65
4.6 Summary 67

CHAPTER 5 INVERTER-BASED LOW-VOLTAGE CURRENT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 68
5.1 Introduction 68
5.2 Circuit Description 69
5.3 Application 72
5.4 Simulation Results 73
5.5 Summary 77

CHAPTER 6 A NEW MULTI-FUNCTION WAVE GENERATOR BASED ON MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SECOND-GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYORS 78
6.1 Introduction 78
6.2 Circuit Description 79
6.3 Simulation Results 85
6.4 Summary 87
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTRUE WORK 88
7.1 Conclusion 88
7.2 Future Work 89
REFERENCES 90
PUBLICATIONS 97
Referred Papers 97
National Conference Papers 98

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