臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

戴奧辛類化合物( dioxin like compounds, DLCs)為一群具生物毒性的化合物，因不易被分解導致其可於環境中蓄積，並經由食物鏈造成生物累積性。由於DLCs於蛋鴨之代謝甚少被研究，故本試驗旨在探討口服DLCs對褐色菜鴨生產性能、血液生化、組織戴奧辛累積及抗氧化物質含量之影響。試驗採用50隻25週齡褐色菜鴨隨機且平均分配至DLCs組及控制組，DLCs組於試驗期開始後前14天每日均餵食一顆內含1736pg毒性當量(toxic equivalency quantity, TEQ) 戴奧辛膠囊，控制組則餵食空白膠囊。試驗期間每日紀錄採食量、蛋重及產蛋率，並於試驗期第2、14、28、42及70天時採集樣本，收集血液、肝臟、脾臟、胸肉、腿肉及腹脂，進行生產性能、血液生化值、組織戴奧辛濃度及抗氧化物質之分析。結果顯示於採食量、產蛋率及蛋重結果發現兩組間並無顯著差異，器官重量部分，DLCs組於全期平均結果發現，腹脂、腹脂重量百分比及腿肉重量顯著較控制組低（P < 0.05）。血液生化值部分，DLCs組於全期平均三酸甘油酯(triglyceride)濃度顯著較控制組高（P < 0.05）。組織戴奧辛分佈方面發現肝臟為每克脂肪戴奧辛累積量最高的組織，且肝臟及鴨蛋中發現DLCs會隨著取代氯數增加，而降低生物濃縮值（bioconcentration factor, BCF），DLCs清除率（clearance rate）部分隨著取代氯數增加而提高，說明低氯數的DLCs較容易累積於肝臟及鴨蛋中，而高氯數的DLCs較容易直接排除體外。肝臟及蛋黃中脂質過氧化程度結果發現肝臟部份並沒有顯著差異，而蛋黃部分發現DLCs組和對照組相比有顯著較高的結果（P < 0.05）。肝臟及蛋白總榖胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）含量結果發現肝臟中總GSH和對照組相比有顯著較高之情形（P < 0.05），但蛋白部分在全期平均DLCs組與對照組相比在則是有顯著較低的結果（P < 0.05）。蛋黃維生素E（α-tocopherol）含量結果發現，全期DLCs組維生素E含量均顯著低於對照組（P < 0.05）。綜合上述，褐色菜鴨連續餵食戴奧辛膠囊（1735.6 pg-TEQ）14天後發現，DLCs累積於褐色菜鴨體內產生毒性，造成血液中三酸甘油酯濃度顯著上升、腹脂及腿肉重量顯著減輕、肝臟中總GSH含量增加、鴨蛋出現顯著脂質過氧化以及總GSH與維生素E含量顯著降低等結果。

Dioxin-like compounds are a group of toxic compounds that cannot be easily decomposed, can accumulate in the environment, and can cause bioaccumulation through the food chain. Studies on how dioxin-like compounds are metabolized in ducks have been conducted rarely. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of oral intake of dioxin like compounds on the production performance, blood biochemistry, dioxin bioaccumulation in tissues, and antioxidant contents in eggs and liver of Brown Tsaiya ducks. In present experiment, 50 Brown Tsaiya ducks at 25 weeks old age had been randomly assigned into control and dioxin groups. Ducks were given commercial feed 110 gram per day, water was provided ad libitum and the eggs were collected and weighed every day. In the first 14 days, ducks in the dioxin group were fed a dioxin capsule per day. At day 2, 14, 28, 42, and 70 after dioxin exposure, 5 ducks of each group were sacrificed. The liver, spleen, breast meat, thigh meat, and abdominal fat were removed and weighed. The production performance, blood biochemistry, dioxin bioaccumulation, and antioxidant contents in eggs and liver were conducted. The results showed that feed intake, laying frequency and egg weight presented non-significant difference among treatments. At whole experiment period the abdominal fat and thigh weight in dioxin group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). In dioxin group, the triglyceride concentration in blood was significantly higher than that in the control group in whole experiment period (P < 0.05). For dioxin distribution in tissues, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was negatively correlated with the degree of chlorination. However, dioxin clearance rate was positively correlated with the degree of chlorination. The lipid peroxidation ability in liver showed that dioxin treatment did not significantly increase the TBARS content in liver than in the control group. However, in egg yolk dioxin treatment significantly increased the lipid peroxidation level (P < 0.05). The total GSH content in liver and eggs showed that dioxin treatment significantly increase the GSH content in liver, but in egg white dioxin treatment showed significantly lower the GSH content than in the control group(P < 0.05). The amount of vitamin E in egg yolk of Brown Tsaiya ducks at whole experiment period revealed significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). To sum up, after dioxin exposure, the concentration of triglyceride in sera increased, the thigh weight decreased. The lipid peroxidation capacity and antioxidant contents in liver and eggs revealed that the concentration of TBARS showed no significant difference among dioxin and control groups in liver. However, in eggs, dioxin treatment significantly affected (P < 0.05) the TRARS, total GSH content and vitamin E concentration than in the control group.

摘要 II
Abstract IV
謝誌 VI
目錄 VII
圖表目錄 IX
壹、 前言 1
貳、 文獻回顧 2
一、 戴奧辛類化合物介紹 2
（一） 分類與化學結構特性 2
（二） 戴奧辛類化合物毒性評估方式 4
（三） 戴奧辛類化合物來源 6
（四） 戴奧辛毒性對動物造成之傷害 7
（五） 食品中戴奧辛類化合物含量之規範 11
二、 戴奧辛類化合物對動物生產性能、生長及健康狀況之影響 13
（一） 生長性能與臟器重 13
（二） 血液生化值 13
（三） 天然抗氧化物質 14
三、 戴奧辛類化合物生物累積作用 18
（一） 戴奧辛類化合物進入食物鏈之途徑 18
（二） 生物濃縮值 18
（三） 戴奧辛類化合物於家禽動物之生物累積 19
參、 材料與方法 20
一、 實驗動物與試驗設計 20
二、 戴奧辛膠囊配置 20
三、 測定與分析項目 22
（一） 生產性能與臟器重 22
（二） 血液生化值測定 22
（三） 褐色菜鴨組織中戴奧辛累積量分析 22
（四） 硫代巴比妥酸反應物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARs）測定 24
（五） 總榖胱甘肽含量（total glutathione, GSH）測定 24
（六） 蛋黃中維生素E（α-tocopherol）含量檢測 25
（七） 統計分析 25
肆、 結果與討論 26
一、 戴奧辛類化合物對於褐色菜鴨生產性能及臟器重量比之影響 26
（一） 攝食量、產蛋率及蛋重 26
（二） 體重及各臟器重量比之影響 27
（三） 血液生化值之影響 35
二、 戴奧辛類化合物之生物累積作用 40
（一） 戴奧辛類化合物於褐色菜鴨組織內分佈之比例 40
（二） 戴奧辛於褐色菜鴨肝臟及蛋中之生物濃縮值 42
（三） 戴奧辛於褐色菜鴨肝臟及蛋中之清除 44
三、 戴奧辛類化合物對於褐色菜鴨抗氧化物質之影響 49
（一） 戴奧辛對於肝臟及蛋黃中脂質過氧化程度 49
（二） 戴奧辛對肝臟及蛋白中總榖胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）含量之影響 53
（三） 戴奧辛對褐色菜蛋黃中維生素E含量之影響 57
伍、 結論 59
陸、 參考文獻 60
柒、 作者簡介 70

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