臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的是探討MgO對鹼激發爐石漿體(AASP)和由廢棄材料所配製的(稻殼灰(RHA)和飛灰(FA))的砂漿在性能和微觀上的影響。首先，研究了MgO對鹼激發爐石漿體在水中和空氣中的養護的性能影響。接著，調整在水中養護的MgO鹼激發爐石漿體之稻殼灰比例。這個AAS漿體的性能由新拌性質 (坍流度、凝結時間)、硬固性質(抗壓強度、劈裂強度、超音波脈衝速度UPV、熱傳導TC、長度變化)、x 射線衍射XRD、掃描電子顯微鏡SEM、能量色散光譜儀EDS、導數熱重TGA、傅立葉變換紅外光譜FTIR所測試。也研究了砂漿上飛灰和回收細骨材的含量在新拌和硬固的工程性質上的影響。結果顯示，MgO對AAS漿體試體的性能有極大的影響。增加MgO的含量可以加快AAS在早期的水化反應，改變漿體的工作性和凝結時間。對漿體來說，在空氣養護下，強度的增加非常明顯；相較之下，在水中的養護就能發現有很多裂縫。使用RHA來避免AAS-MgO漿體在水中養護下的裂縫。在7.5%MgO和20%RHA的情況下有最高的強度。總而言之，全部的AAS-MgO漿體試體都能顯現出良好的性質。增加RA的含量對砂漿試體在強度和工程性質上有不好的影響。同時，15%的FA取代量可以增進砂漿試體的強度和硬固性質。此外，由XRD、TGA、FTIR分析顯示，C-S-H漿體和Ht狀的相是AAS-MgO漿體的主要水化產物，包含了SiO2和未水化的RHA顆粒。增加MgO生成更多Ht形狀的相，這闡述了MgO的意義和發現它會產生巨大的體積，和促進AAS的水化過程以及在水中養護的情況下導致很多裂縫的原因。

The aim of this study investigated the effect of reactive MgO on the performance and microstructure of alkali-activated slag paste (AASP) and mortar, which was modified by the waste materials (rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA)). Firstly, the effect of MgO on the performance the alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste under water and air curing condition was investigated. And then, Alkali-activated Slag-MgO (AASM) paste under water curing condition was modified by different RHA levels. The performance of AAS paste was examined through the fresh properties (slump flow, setting time), the hardened properties (compressive strength, splitting strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), thermal conductivity (TC), length change) and the microstructure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), derivative thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For the mortar, the effects of FA and recycled fine aggregate (RFA) content on the engineering properties of fresh and hardened mortar samples were studied. The results illustrated that reactive MgO had significantly effects on the performance of AAS paste samples. Increasing MgO content accelerated the hydration reaction of AAS in the early age, reformed the workability and setting time of paste. In the pastes cured in air condition, the improvement in strength was remarkable while in the counterparts cured in water condition, many cracks occurred. Using RHA prevented the cracks in AAS-MgO paste under water curing condition. The highest strength was found with 7.5% MgO and 20% RHA. In general, all of the AAS-MgO mortar samples demonstrated the good properties. Increasing RA content led to negative effects on strength and engineering properties of mortar samples. While, the replacement with 15% FA content improved the strength and the hardened properties of mortar specimens. Moreover, the C-S-H gel and hydrotalcite-like phase (Ht) were main hydration products of AAS-MgO paste, which were showed by XRD, TGA, FTIR analysis including with cristobalite (SiO2) of un-hydrated particle of RHA. Increasing MgO formed more Ht-like phase, which specified the significant of MgO and this finding exhibited high voluminous, and promoted the hydration process of AAS as well as caused the many cracks in the pastes under water curing conditions.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Contents vi
List of symbols and abbreviations x
List of tables xii
List of figures xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1. Motivation of this research 1
1.2. The aim of this research 6
Chapter 2: Literature review 8
2.1. Overview of utilization of waste materials in cementitious and concrete manufacture 8
2.1.1. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 8
2.1.2. Rice husk ash 9
2.1.3. Fly ash 12
2.1.4. Using of magnesium oxide to reduce the shrinkage of alkali-activated slag 14
2.1.5. Overview of utilization of construction demolish waste as recycled aggregates for mortar production 16
2.2. Overview of alkali-activated materials technology 17
2.3. Summary on the literature reviews about alkali-activated slag-MgO with FA, RHA and RFA in producing paste and mortar specimens 19
Chapter 3. Materials and experimental methods 44
3.1. Original materials properties 44
3.1.1. GGBFS, MgO, Rice husk ash, fly ash 44
3.1.2. Natural fine aggregate and recycled fine aggregate 48
3.1.3. Alkaline activator solution and mixing water 49
3.2. Experimental method and equipment 50
3.2.1. Fresh properties of paste and mortar 50
3.2.2. Hardened properties 51
3.2.3. Microstructure analysis 58
3.3. Mix proportion and sample preparation 61
Chapter 4. Effect of high MgO content on the performance of alkali-activated fine slag under water and air curing conditions 65
4.1. Engineering performance of AAS paste 65
4.1.1. Flowability 65
4.1.2. Setting time 66
4.1.3. Compressive strength 67
4.1.4. Cracks formation in the water curing condition 69
4.2. Microstructures 72
4.2.1. XRD results 72
4.2.2. SEM and EDS results 73
4.2.3. TGA results 76
Chapter 5. Engineering properties and microstructure of alkali-activated slag-rice husk ash (AASR) with addition of different MgO contents 80
5.1. Engineering properties of AASR samples 80
5.1.1. Flowability 80
5.1.2. Compressive strength 81
5.1.3. Thermal conductivity of hardened paste 86
5.1.4. Ultrasonic pulse velocity 88
5.2. Microstructures 91
5.2.1. XRD results 91
5.2.2. SEM and EDS results 93
5.2.3. FTIR results 98
Chapter 6. Effect of recycled fine aggregate and fly ash content on the strength developments and engineering properties of alkali-activated slag-MgO mortar 100
6.1. Slump flow and unit weight results 100
6. 2. Compressive strength 102
6.3. Splitting strength 104
6.4. Water absorption 105
6.5. UPV test 107
6.6. Electrical surface resistivity (ESR) 108
6.7. Chloride penetration resistance 110
Chapter 7. Conclusion and suggestions 112
7.1. Conclusion 112
Alkali-activated binders 112
Alkali-activated slag mortar 114
7.2. Suggestions 115
Reference 116

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