臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生理訊號(及呼吸和心跳)在醫療應用中是評估病人身體狀況重要的信息，傳統電極貼片或胸帶等生理訊號量測儀器必須直接接觸病人身體以取得生理資訊，但在許多情境下，例如：火災燒傷、熱水燙傷等條件下並不適合接觸式的量測，上述故有之方法可能造成病人的不適感增加。
本論文提出雙頻收發之非接觸式生理訊號感測器，此感測器由2.4/3.6 GHz之雙頻低雜訊放大器、混頻器、兩個個別頻率之震盪器、平面天線、分波器與基頻主動式帶通濾波器所組成，感測器基於電磁波反射原理，將射頻訊號由天線發射至受試者胸腔與心臟，胸腔與心臟位移導致都普勒效應產生調變訊號，並將其反射回來的訊號接收至解調電路解出呼吸與心跳之頻率，在傳統單頻非接觸式生理訊號感測器中會遇到偵測零點問題，偵測零點是當受試者在系統頻率的每四分之一波長之奇數倍距離位置上量測時會丟失訊號即為零點，為解決此問題，本論文提出雙頻架構之方法使得受試者站在其一系統頻率之零點位置上量測生理訊號可由另一系統頻率做接收解調，以解決零點問題。
而本論文在第三章提出兩種主動式類循環器架構，兩種類循環器皆可以提供不錯的傳輸增益、隔離度與雜訊指數，本論文皆使用0.18 um CMOS製程實現。

Physiological signals (i.e., respiration and heartbeat) in medical applications is important information for evaluating health of the patients. There are traditional methods to direct contact with the body, (i.e., chest strap or electrode patch). It makes uncomfortable for a long time contact or person with scald, and could not move.
This thesis presents a Non-Contact Vital-signs Sensor (NCVS) using the dual band null points removing technique. The propose NCVS system is consist of two VCOs at 2.4 GHz and 3.6 GHz, respectively, a dual-band LNA, two single balanced mixers, a patch antenna, a power combiner, a phase shifter and a baseband active Band-Pass Filter (BPF). The Sensor based on the principle of electromagnetic wave reflection, the RF signals are transmitted by the antenna to the chest of the subject. The received signal is affected by the heart and chest displacement to cause Doppler effect. However, traditional single frequency vital sign sensor suffers from the problem of null points. The distance between the tested object and the NCVS is each odd multiples quarter wavelength to produce null detection point. This thesis presents a method of dual-band architecture makes the subject stand in the null point on one system frequency, the another frequency can demodulate the physiological signals from subject to resolving the problem of null points.
In the third chapter of the thesis proposes two active Quasi-Circulators (QC) provided a good transmission gain, isolation and noise figure, this thesis are realized using a 0.18 CMOS process.
 

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iv
Table of Content v
List of Tables vii
List of Figure viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 List of Contribution 2
1.3 Thesis Organization 2
Chapter 2 Dual Band Vital Sign Sensor 4
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Theory of Dual Band Vital Sign Sensor 6
2.3 Circuit Design 8
2.3.1 Design of LC tank VCO 9
2.3.2 Design of Single-Balanced Mixer 14
2.3.3 Design of Dual-Band LNA 18
2.3.4 Wilkinson Power Divider 24
2.3.5 Baseband Active Band-Pass Filter 29
2.3.5 Phase Shifter 31
2.4 Implementation and Measurement 32
2.5 Discussion and Summary 39
Chapter 3 Design of CMOS Active Circulators 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Design of N-port Circulator 44
3.3 Quasi-Circulator Using Signal-Cancellation Technique 46
3.3.1 Principle and Design of Signal-Cancellation Technique 46
3.3.2 Implementation and Measurement 53
3.4 CMOS Quasi Circulator Based on Lumped Wilkinson Power Divider 58
3.4.1 Principle and Design 58
3.4.2 Implementation and Measurement 61
3.5 Discussion and Summary 65
Chapter 4 Conclusion 68
Reference 69

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