臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在日常生活中，「行」對於明眼人來說是輕而易舉的一件事，但是對於視覺障礙者來說，「行」是最大的挑戰之一。視覺障礙者在獨立生活當中，空間導航困難為他們的主要障礙。視覺障礙者常會在室內和室外環境中進行探索。為了到達目的地，他們必須通過這些環境或先前的路線規劃來執行一系列決策。
視覺障礙者可透過剩餘的感官探索環境並建立心像地圖。相關的空間認知理論證明了，組合不同的感官輸入，所產生的空間認知，也會高度相似於視覺所建構出的空間記憶結構。透過語音導航描述環境資訊，將可直接描述非視覺感官者所建立的地標，使視覺障礙者無須經由實際探索即可快速建立正確的心像地圖。
本研究透過兩階段實驗(建立A/ B語音導航版本、進行A/ B語音導航版本實測)，逐步釐清適合視覺障礙者的語音導航。(1) 建立A/ B語音導航版本，此實驗招募4位視覺障礙者，4位非視覺障礙者，共8位受測者。透過實際探索陌生的室內環境，並建立出各組的語音導航版本。(2) 進行A/ B語音導航版本實測，此實驗招募31位視覺障礙受測者，32位非視覺障礙受測者(蒙眼明眼人)，合計共63位受測者。分別針對視覺障礙者所建立的語音導航(A版)與非視覺障礙者所建立的語音導航(B版)進行導航完成時間、成功率、方向感、安全感、瞭解自身位置、理解度、滿意度，各項指標。研究結果顯示，視覺障礙(VI)與非視覺障(NVI)，使用視覺障礙者所建立的語音導航(A版)在導航成功率、方向感、安全感、瞭解自身位置、滿意度皆明顯優於使用非視覺障礙者所建立的語音導航(B版)。本研究證實A版語音導航將可有效提升視覺障礙者探索陌生環境之成效。

During daily life, “moving around” is easy for people who are not vision impairment, but it is the most challenge for visually impairment people. As visually impaired people living independent, the main barrier for them is the difficult of spatial navigation. Visually impaired people usually explore in the indoor and outdoor environment. In order to move the goal, they have to go through these environments or make the route plans before to make a series of decision.
Visually impaired people can use other consciousness to explore environment and build the mental map. Relating spatial cognition theories improved that combining different conscious inputs to make the spatial cognition would also very similar to the spatial memory constructing by visual.
Through voice navigation to describe the environment information, it will describe the landmark was constructed by the people not use visual consciousness directly, and visually impaired people not need to explore by themselves can make the correct mental map quickly.
The study was making two stages of experiment (making A/ B voice navigation versions, and then A/ B voice navigation versions on test) to clarify the suitable voice navigation for visually impaired people step by step. (1) Making A/ B voice navigation versions, the experiment recruiting four visually impaired people (Group VI) and four not visually impaired people (Group NVI), totally were eight participants. Through exploring the foreign indoor environment, and making each group’s voice navigation version. (2) A/ B voice navigation versions on test, the experiment recruiting 31 visually impaired people and 32 not visually impaired people (sighted people wore a blindfold), totally were 63 participants. On test the voice navigation (version A) for visually impaired people and the voice navigation (version B) for not visually impaired people of the item of navigation complete times, successful percent, sense of direction, sense of safety, knowing their location, grade of understanding, grade of satisfying separately.
The research result represented that visually impaired people and not visually impaired people used the voice navigation (version A) which was created by visually impaired people was greater than voice navigation (version B) which was created by not visually impaired people in successful percent of navigation, the sense of direction, the sense of safety, knowing their location and grade of satisfying obviously. The study improved that voice navigation (version A) will enhance the effect of visually impaired people to explore foreign environment.

摘要 ii
SUMMARY iii
致謝 v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objectives 3
1.3 Research Structure 3
1.4 The Importance of Research 4
1.5 Research Limitations 5
1.6 Abbreviation Vocabulary 5
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Previous of Visually Impaired People 6
2.1.1 The Vision Impairment Population 7
2.1.2 Vision Impairment and Specifics 8
2.2 Orientation and Mobility Training for Visually impaired people 8
2.2.1 Contents of Orientation and Mobility Training 8
2.2.2 Cognitive Sensory Training 9
2.3 Visually Impaired People Wayfinding Research 9
2.3.1 Moving Specifics of Visually Impaired People 10
2.3.2 The relations of Visually Impaired People Moving and Environment 11
2.3.3 Visually Impaired People Wayfinding Research 13
2.4 Spatial Cognition 14
2.4.1 Conceptual Diagram of the Amodal Hypothesis and the Role of Spatial Images 15
2.4.2 The Relating Researches of Voice Navigation 16
CHAPTER 3 Research Method 17
3.1 Experiment Structure 17
3.2 Making A/ B Voice Navigation Versions 18
3.2.1 Participants 18
3.2.2 Experiment Site 19
3.2.3 Experiment Protocol 20
3.2.4 Route Planning Task 23
3.2.5 Experiment Instrument 23
3.3 Result of Making Voice Navigation of Version A/ B 23
3.3.1 Visually Impaired People (VI) 24
3.3.2 Participants without Visual Impairment (NVI) 27
3.3.3 Voice Navigation of Versions A and B 27
3.3.4 The Voice Navigation Contents Result and Discussion 30
3.4 A/ B Voice Navigation Version on Test 30
3.4.1 Experiments 31
3.4.2 Floor Plan of the Experiment Site 31
3.4.3 Experiment Protocol 31
3.4.4 The Voice Navigation Routes Task 33
3.4.5 Experiment Instruments 34
3.4.6 Statistical Method 34
CHAPTER 4 Research Result 35
4.1 On Test Result of Voice Navigation of Version A (VI, NVI) 38
4.2 On Test Result of Voice Navigation of Version B (VI, NVI) 40
4.3 On Test Result of Voice Navigation of Version A and Version B (VI, NVI) 42
CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and Discussion 45
5.1 Research Conclusion 45
5.2 Research Discussion 48
5.3 Research Contribution 49
5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 50
REFERENCES 51
Appendix A Participant Autobiography (Visually impaired People) 56
Appendix B Participant Autobiography (Not Visually Impaired People) 57
Appendix C Questionnaires 58

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