臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於高額的建置及維護成本，目前的戶外停車位或需管理的停車位置，大多無架設車位管理系統，因此無法有效的將車位資訊回饋給駕駛及管理者，而衍生出許多不便與交通問題，故本研究旨在開發出具低成本、高通用性、高環境適應的戶外停車管理系統，使其易安裝於不同的戶外場域中。系統中使用AMR三軸磁感測器，擷取車輛停車特徵(駛入、占用、駛離)，設計出一套車位狀態辨別演算法，及自適應基準校正機制，可即時準確的辨別出車位狀態。並結合低功耗藍牙技術，與用戶行動裝置溝通，獲取車輛資訊及服務要求，同時透過距離加強型BLE節點裝置(b-SNode)，有效的將封包傳至BLE轉Wi-Fi路由裝置(bw-Router)中，封包經解碼後將上傳至雲端資料庫中，並以圖形化結果，顯示於停車管理介面及用戶停車服務介面中。

藉由本研究開發之系統，將可幫助解決目前在停車議題上相當不便的三個問題：1.無法即時得知可用停車位；2.停車繳費不易；3.違規停車管理困難，提供用戶更加友善的停車服務，如：即時車位快找、防竊車監控。同時協助管理者進行更有效的車位管理，如：降低記錄員出勤次數、車輛佔位過久警示、違規停車監控。

本研究經實驗結果證明，有效的降低了停車管理系統在建置及維護上的成本。同時可準確的於多種狀況下，辨別出正確的車位狀態，並與管理介面及用戶介面完成整合，提供出高附加價值的停車資訊服務，大幅增加了本系統之建置可行性與必要性。

Due to the difficulty of cost-reduction on establishment and maintenance, most of the outdoor parking lot and the parking space administration do not have a functional parking management system, this caused lots of inconvenience and traffic problems, because it’s unable to feedback the status of parking space to users and administrator efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a low cost outdoor parking management system, making it more easily to set up in different circumstances. By combining the low power consumption of Bluetooth, and algorithm to distinguish the status of the parking space in high accuracy, we’re able to provide information on available parking space, and develop a fully functional parking management service.

By this system, it solved three major inconvenience problems in present, first, unable to know available parking space in real-time, second, inconvenience of paying parking fee, third, difficulty on managing the illegal parking. This system can provide a better parking experience for regular users, for instance, quick search of available parking space, anti-thief surveillance, online payment, also helping administrator manage the parking lot more efficiently, like lower the manpower in fee collection, notification of overtime occupation vehicle, surveillance of illegal parking, creating an better parking and management method for both regular users and administrator.

The outdoor smart parking management system refer in this research is not only able to lower the cost of establishment and maintenance, but also provide a high added value of real-time parking information service, substantially increase both feasibility and necessity.

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景 1
1.3 研究動機與目的 2
1.4 研究方法與步驟 3
1.5 文獻回顧 5
1.6 論文架構 8
第二章 系統開發環境 9
2.1 低功耗藍牙無線技術介紹 9
2.2 微控制器比較與選擇 12
2.3 CC2640 BLE MCU晶片介紹 13
2.4 微控制器開發環境介紹 14
2.5 車輛辨別感測器比較與選擇 17
2.6 感測資料分析介面 18
第三章 系統設計 21
3.1 系統簡介 21
3.2 系統運作流程 22
3.3 系統裝置硬體設計 23
3.3.1 BLE停車感測節點裝置(b-SNode)硬體設計 23
3.3.2 BLE轉Wi-Fi路由裝置(bw-Router)硬體設計 25
3.4 系統無線通訊設計 26
3.5 車輛占用辨別演算機制設計 28
3.5.1 感測位置選擇 29
3.5.2 磁信號的特徵 30
3.5.3 感測信號處理 31
3.5.4 車輛占用特徵辨別演算機制 34
3.5.5 雙感測機制 37
3.5.6 自適應基準校正 38
3.6 系統裝置程式設計 39
3.6.1 BLE停車感測節點裝置(b-SNode)程式設計 40
3.6.2 BLE轉Wi-Fi路由裝置(bw-Router)程式設計 44
3.7 系統設定與用戶停車服務操作介面設計 46
3.7.1 系統場域設定操作介面 46
3.7.2 用戶停車服務操作介面 47
3.8 管理系統介面 50
第四章 系統功能與結果驗證 52
4.1 系統功能驗證 52
4.1.1 三軸磁感測器環境基準校正結果 52
4.1.2 感測取樣頻率切換 52
4.1.3 EMF信號讀取驗證 53
4.1.4 裝置設定 55
4.1.5 用戶停車位置確認功能 56
4.1.6 車位狀態即時顯示結果 58
4.1.7 裝置安全回報功能 60
4.2 系統辨別準確度驗證 61
4.2.1 實驗設計 61
4.2.2 結果驗證 62
第五章 結論與未來展望 66
5.1 結論 66
5.2 未來展望 67
參考文獻 68

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