臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為探討收斂約束法以二維分析模式模擬隧道第三方向前進開挖之適用性，即驗證隧道掘進效應在同一斷面不同位置處之收斂變化為單一化的約束損失值之假設。本研究採用收斂約束法理論中之約束損失方法，模擬隧道前進開挖引致圍岩收斂位移變化之結果，探討隧道掘進效應函數之相關參數，並提出隧道前期與無支撐跨距之約束損失預估方法，進而建立隧道之約束損失曲線。最後，將此分析方法應用在實際工程隧道案例上。
本研究數值模擬採用有限元素分析（FEM）和外顯分析（EAM）模擬隧道前進開挖圍岩收斂變化之情況，其分析模擬的條件包含（1）非等向應力場，側向應力比0.4≤Ko≤2.0（2）無支撐/有支撐隧道情況（3）彈性/彈塑性圍岩。實際案例採用八卦山、新永春與新南澳隧道之計測收斂位移，現地條件包含（1）非等向應力場，側向應力比0.4≤Ko≤2.0（2）不同岩體分類（3）不同無支撐跨距（4）隧道時間效應。
將數值模擬和實際案例之收斂位移，經由平移計算並作正規化處理，可獲得不受隧道斷面位置與側向應力比影響之單一化的約束損失值，且經由迴歸分析約束損失值，可以得知隧道掘進效應函數之參數η，因圍岩性質不同則有一特定範圍，且其範圍與無支撐跨距無關。關於隧道時間效應之影響，本研究提出平移計算方法，修正時間效應產生之收斂位移，其分析結果與同岩體分類且無時間效應之案例相同。依照上述之研究結果，可以將其分析程序應用實際工程上，可建立不受時間效應、隧道斷面位置與側向應力比影響之約束損失曲線。
關鍵字：隧道掘進效應、收斂約束法、約束損失、有限元素分析、外顯分析。

In order to explore the applicability of the Convergence Confinement Method to simulate the third-direction forward excavation of the tunnel in two-dimensional analysis mode, the variation of convergence due to advancing excavation at different positions around a circular tunnel is verified with a confinement loss value. This study includes to use the confinement loss in the Convergence Confinement Method, to explore the relevant parameters of tunnel advancing effect function, to propose a method for predicting the confinement loss of tunnel pre-convergence and unsupported spans, and to establish the confinement loss curve of the tunnel. Finally, this analysis method is applied to the actual engineering tunnel cases studies.
The numerical simulation of study that uses finite element analysis method (FEM) and explicit analysis method (EAM) is used to simulate the convergence in the tunnel excavation. The conditions of the analysis and simulation include: (1) anisotropic stress field of the lateral stress ratio 0.4 ≤ Ko ≤ 2.0, (2) unsupported/supported tunnel, and (3) Elastic/ elastic-plastic rock mass. The actual case study includes the measured convergence displacement of the Baguashan, New-Yongchun and New-Nanao tunnels. The local conditions include: (1) anisotropic stress field of the lateral stress ratio 0.4 ≤ Ko ≤ 2.0, (2) the different rock mass classifications, (3) the different tunnel excavation non-supported distance, and (4) the tunnel time effect.
The convergence of the numerical simulation and the actual case, through the translation calculation and normalized method, that can obtain a confinement loss value that is not affected by the tunnel section locations and the lateral stress ratio. Through the regression analysis of the confinement loss value, we can know that the parameters η of the tunnel advancing effect function are affected by the surrounding rock properties. Regarding the influence of tunnel time effect this study proposes a translational calculation method to correct the convergence caused by the time effect. The results of the regression analysis are the same as those of the same rock mass classification without time effect. According to the above research results, the analysis program can be applied to the actual engineering, and the confinement loss curve which is not affected by the time effect, the tunnel section locations and the lateral stress ratio can be established.

Keywords: Tunnel Advancing Effect, Convergence-Confinement Method, Confinement Loss, Finite Element Analysis Method, Explicit Analysis Method.

摘要 ii
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
符號說明 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究的範圍與限制 2
1.5 研究內容與流程架構 2
第二章 參考文獻 5
2.1 收斂約束法基本理論 5
2.1.1 約束損失 6
2.1.2 地盤反應曲線 6
2.1.3 支撐特徵曲線 9
2.2 收斂約束法之外顯分析 13
2.2.1 隧道計測收斂資料之時間、距離和收斂位移 13
2.2.2 約束損失曲線 14
2.2.3 隧道掘進效應 14
2.2.4 隧道掘進效應函數 16
2.3 實際隧道收斂資料回顧 19
2.4 Mataix Laboratory（Matlab）之簡介 20
2.5 相關文獻回顧 22
第三章 隧道約束損失曲線之公式推導與步驟建立 38
3.1 隧道掘進效應函數之假設 38
3.2 隧道約束損失曲線之公式推導 39
3.3 隧道約束損失λ0與λd之預估 42
3.4 隧道掘進效應函數之參數迴歸分析步驟 44
3.5 隧道約束損失曲線之建立步驟 45
第四章 隧道掘進效應引致圍岩收斂之正規化分析 58
4.1 圍岩收斂正規化與位置/側向應力比之探討 58
4.1.1 隧道無支撐情況 60
4.1.2 隧道有支撐情況 62
4.2 隧道掘進效應函數之參數η探討 64
4.2.1 無支撐隧道彈性圍岩 64
4.2.2 無支撐隧道彈塑性圍岩 65
4.2.3 有支撐隧道彈塑性圍岩，無支撐短跨距λd=0.4 65
4.2.4 有支撐隧道彈塑性圍岩，無支撐短跨距λd=0.7 66
4.3 有支撐隧道約束損失曲線之建立 67
4.4 三維有限元素分析隧道輪進開挖與隧道掘進效應函數之關係 68
4.5 小結 69
第五章 實際隧道工程案例分析與探討 121
5.1 工程案例介紹 121
5.1.1 新永春隧道 121
5.1.2 新南澳隧道 123
5.1.3 八卦山隧道 124
5.2 案例分析與結果討論 125
5.2.1 案例分析 126
5.2.2 結果討論 128
第六章 結論與建議 162
6.1 結論 162
6.2 建議 163
參考文獻 164
附錄A 169
平移計算與正規化處理 171
迴歸分析隧道掘進效應函數之參數η 204
有支撐隧道之約束損失曲線 222
附錄B 229
新永春與新南澳隧道-第III類岩體之分析結果 230
新永春與新南澳隧道-第IV類岩體之分析結果 250
新永春與新南澳隧道-第V類岩體之分析結果 277
八卦山隧道-岩體之分析結果 290

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