參考文獻
中文部分
石崇良(2003)。病人安全之國際趨勢。醫策會會訊，5(1)，8-10。
石崇良(2004)。醫療錯誤之流行病學。台灣醫學，8(4)，510-20。
石崇良、侯勝茂(2004)。病人安全之現況與建議。台灣醫學，8(4)，521-7。
石崇良、侯勝茂、薛亞聖、鍾國彪、蘇喜、廖熏香(2005)。異常事件通報系統與通報障礙。台灣醫學，9(1)，63-70。
江岷欽(1995)。組織分析。台北：五南。
邱文達、石崇良、侯勝茂(2004)。病人安全與醫學倫理：建構以病人安全為中心的醫療體系。台灣醫學人文學刊，5(1/2)，66-69。
吳萬益、鄭永忠、江正信(1998)。大型教學醫院組織文化、內部激勵與控制制度對經營績效之影響研究。輔仁管理評論，7，103-30。吳萬益、郭幸萍、彭奕龍(2002)。醫學中心組織文化、管理模式、競爭優勢與經營績效之互動相關影響研究。醫務管理期刊，3，17-35。林月桂、盧美秀(2000)。運用競值途徑於醫院護理部門組織文化、領導型態與組織效能關係之研究。新台北護理期刊，2，5-23。
林恆慶、陳楚杰、許銘恭(2003)。病人安全相關議題之探討。醫院行政管理，36(5)，69-75。財團法人醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會(2004)。病人安全名詞定義。於2006/4/20擷取於【財團法人醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會網站】：http://www.tjcha.org.tw。
梁惠玉(2005)。醫護人員對醫療異常事件通報認知、態度與通報行為相關性探討。慈濟大學護理研究所碩士論文。陳玉枝(2004)。建立以病人為中心之安全照護環境。台北榮總，70，20-5。
張緯良(2003)。管理學。台北：雙葉書廊。
潘韋翰(2005)。組織文化與醫學中心建立病人安全系統之相關性探討。臺北醫學大學醫務管理研究所碩士論文。薛亞聖、石崇良(2004)。建立安全的醫療環境病人安全架構之規劃。行政院衛生署九十二年度補助研究計畫。
鄭彩鳳(1996)。競值途徑在高中職校長領導角色、學校組織文化與組織效能關係之研究。高雄師範大學教育學研究所博士論文。英文部分
Aspden, P., Corrigan, J. M., Wolcott, J., & Erickson, S. M. (2004). Patient safety: Achieving
a new standard for care. Washington, D. C.: The National Academies Press.
Barach, P., & Small, S. D. (2000). Reporting and preventing medical mishaps: Lessons
fromnon-medical near miss reporting systems. British Medical Journal, 320, 759-63.
Beasley, J. W., Escoto, K. H., & Karsh, B. T. (2004). Design elements for a primary care
medical error reporting system. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 103(1), 56-9.
Blendon, R. J., DesRoches, C. M., Brodie, M., Benson, J. M., Rosen, A. B., Schneider, E., et
al. (2002). Views of practicing physicians and the public on medical errors. New England Journal of Medicine, 347, 1933-40.
Brennan, T. A., Leape, L.L., & Lucian, N.M., (1991). Incidence of adverse events and
negligence in hospitalizedpatients: Results of the Harvard Medication Practice StudyⅠ.
New England Journal of Medicine, 324, 370-6.
Chatman, J. A., & Barsade. S. G. (1995). Personality organizational culture and cooperation-
Evidence from a business simulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40 , 423-43.
Chatman, J. A., & Jehn. K. A. (1994). Assessing the relationship between industry
characteristics and organizational culture-How difference can you be. Academy of
Management Journal, 37, 522-53.
Cohen, M. R. (2000). Why error reporting systems should be voluntary. British Medical
Journal , 320, 728-9.
Court, D. (2003). Quest for patient safety in a challenging environment. Australian and
New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 43(2), 97-100.
Cullen, D. J., Bates, D. W., Small, S. D., Cooper, J. B., Nemeskal, A. R., & Leape, L. L.
(1995). The incident reporting system does not detect adverse drug events: A problem
for quality improvement. Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement, 21, 541-8.
Davies, H.T.O. (2000). Organisational culture and quality of health care. Quality in Health
Care, 9, 111-9.
Deal , T. E., & Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures： The rites and rituals of
corporate life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration (2002). National Center for
Patient Safety. Retrieved on 2006/3/25 from http://www.PatientSafety.gov/matrix.html
Dunn, D. (2003). Incident report--Correcting processes and reducing errors. AORN Journal, 78, 211-2.
Eland, I. A., Belton, K. J., Grootheest, A. C., Meiners, A. P., Rawlins, M. D., & Stricker, B. H.
(1999). Attitudinal survey of voluntary reporting of adverse drug reactions. British
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 48, 623-7.
Elnitsky, C., Nichols, B., & Palmer, K. (1997). Are hospital incidents being reported？
Journal of Nursing Administration, 27 (11), 40-6.
Firth-Cozens, J. (2001). Cultures for improving patient safety through of learning：The role
of teamwork. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 10, 26-31.
Firth-Cozens, J. (2002). Barriers to incident reporting. Quality and Safety in Health Care,
11(1), 7.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 327-58.
Flin, R., & Yule, S. (2004). Leadership for safety: Industrial experience. Quality and Safety
in Health Care, 13(2), 45-51.
Hofstede, G. (1990). Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study
across twenty cases. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 286-316.
Kingston, M. J., Evans, S. M., Smith, B. J., & Berry, J. G. (2004). Attitudes of doctors and
nurses towards incident reporting: A qualitative analysis. Medical Journal of Australia,
18 (1), 36-39.
Knight, D. (2004). Incident reporting: Every nurse’s responsibility. Pediatric Nursing,16,
23-27.
Kohn, L., Corrigan, J., & Donaldson, M, S.eds. (1999). To err is human: Building a safer
health care system. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Kohn, L., Corrigan.,& Donaldson, M, S.eds. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health
care system. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Leape, L. L. (1996). Error in health care-Problems and challenges. paper presented at the
Examining Errors in Health Care Conference, Rancho Mirage, CA.
Mayo, A. M., & Duncan, D. (2004). Nurse perceptions of medication errors：What we need
to know for patient safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 19, 209-17.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
O’Reilly, C. A., & Chatman. J. A. (1996). Culture as social control：Corporations, cults, and
commitment. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 157-200.
Osmon, S. Harris, C. B., Dunagan, W. C., Prentice, D., Fraser, V. J., & Kollef, M. H. (2004).
Reporting of medical errors: An intensive care unit experience. Critical Care Medicine,
32, 727-33.
Rogers, A. S., Israel, E., Smith, C. R., Levine, D., McBean, A., McBean, M., Valente, C., &
Faich, G. (1988). Physician knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to reporting
adverse drug events. Archives of Internal Medicine, 148, 1596-600.
Rondeau, K. V., & Wagar, T. H. (1998). Hospital chief executive officer perceptions of
organizational culture and performance. Hospital Topics, 76(2), 14-22.
Rousseau, D. (1990). Quantitative assessment of organizational culture: The case for multiple
measures. In B. Schneider (ed.), Frontiers in industrial and organizational psychology,
3, 153-92. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Scally, G., & Donaldson. L. J. (1998). Clinical governance and the drive for quality
improvement in the new NHS in England. British Medical Journal, 317, 61–5.
Schein, E. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Scott, T. (2003). The quantitative measurement of organizational culture in health care：
A review of the available instruments. Health Services Research, 38, 923-45.
Shortell, S. M. (1991). Organizational assessment in intensive-care units－Construct
development, reliability, and validity of the ICU nurse-physician questionnaire. Medical
Care, 29, 709-26.
Tamuz, M., Thomas, E. J., & Franchois. K. E. (2004). Defining and classifying medical
error: Lessons for patient safety reporting systems. Quality and Safety in Health Care,
13(1), 13-20.
Taylor, J. A., Brownstein, D., Christakis, D. A., Blackburn, S., Strandjord, T. P., & Klein, E. J.
(2004). Use of incident reports by physicians and nurses to document medical errors in
pediatric patients. Pediatrics, 114, 729-35.
Tuttle, D., Holloway, R., Baird, T., Sheehan, B., & Skelton, W. K. (2004). Electronic
reporting to improve patient safety. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13, 281-6.
Uribe, C. L., Schweikhart, S. B., Pathak, D. S., Dow, M., & Marsh, G. B. (2002). Perceived
barriers to medical-error reporting: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Health
Care Management, 47, 263-80.
Vincent, C., Nicola, S., & Margaret C. M. (1998). Reasons for not reporting adverse
incidents：an empirical study. Journal of Evaluation in clinical practice, 5(1),13-21.
Vincent, C., Neale, G., & Woloshynowych, M. (2001). Adverse events in British hospitals:
Preliminary retrospective record review. British Medical Journal, 322,517-9.
Wachter, R. M. (2002). Learning form our mistakes: Quality grand rounds, a new case-
based series on medical errors and patient safety. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136,
850-2.
Waring, J. J. (2005). Beyond blame: Cultural barriers to medical incident reporting. Social
Science & Medicine, 60, 1927-35.
Weingart, S. N., Farbstein, K., Davis, R. B., & Phillips, R. S. (2004). Using a multihospital
survey to examine the safety culture. Joint Commission Journal of Quality Safety, 30
(3), 125-32.
Wilson, R .M., Runciman, W. B., Gibberd, R. W., Harrison, B. T., Newby, L., & Hamilton,
J. D. (1995). The quality in Australian health care study. Medical Journal of Australia,
163, 458-71.