臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在全球企業皆面臨嚴峻挑戰的今天，如何以各樣成本控制的方式來求取生存及永續經營已蔚為這時代的趨勢，而組織精簡的手法，本研究定義在指勞動力的減少的方式，更為降低成本之具體行動方案，即便在過去以終身雇用聞名的日本，也吹起了裁員的號角，而新竹科學園區亦是這波景氣風暴中受創甚深的一個區塊。
　　雖大多相關文獻針對裁員後組織中倖存者反應之研究，多為負面影響之敘述，亦有研究指出有半數的企業在精簡後有生產力提升之現象Cascio(1993)。根據Judge等學者(1999)針對跨國型組織之研究，性格特質及工作態度對於管理者在組織變革下的反應方式有顯著之影響，Dubrin(1992)研究指出，反應(Response)是因為外力之刺激，透過個人的內在因素之處理後(如需求、動機、自我概念、知覺等)所表露出的內外在反應(如行動、情緒及內隱的想法等)，本研究便是將組織精簡視為一種極具影響之外力，藉此探討倖存者在工作、家庭、友情及獨處的倖存策略。
　　本研究於新竹科學園區為受測的主體，觀察並歸納倖存者的生存策略，發現不同的組織精簡風險知覺類型，其所表現出的生存策略行為模式有明顯的差異，而不同的工作壓力及人格特質也會對採行的策略模式具有影響力，於此亦呼應Judge的研究。
　　本研究主要研究結果如下：
1. 不同的組織精簡風險知覺類型與倖存者生存策略皆具有顯著之關係。
2. 工作壓力量的負荷程度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者職場工作策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
3. 工作壓力量的負荷程度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
4. 工作壓力質的負荷程度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者職場工作策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
5. 工作壓力質的負荷程度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
6. 正面自我觀念將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
7. 正面自我觀念將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者友情經營策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
8 正面自我觀念將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
9. 風險容忍度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
10. 風險容忍度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者友情經營策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
11. 風險容忍度將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
12. 性別將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者職場工作策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
13. 性別將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
14. 性別將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
15. 是否為家中唯一經濟來源將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者職場工作策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
16. 是否為家中唯一經濟來源將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者友情經營策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
17. 是否為家中唯一經濟來源將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
18. 現職工作年資將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
19. 現職工作年資將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放作策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
20. 是否擔任主管職將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者家庭生活策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
21. 是否擔任主管職將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者友情經營策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用。
22. 是否擔任主管職將會對組織精簡風險知覺與倖存者獨處解放策略選擇之關係造成干擾作用
　　根據上述的結論，提出下列管理層面上的建議：應考慮倖存者在不同的組織風險知覺類型下具有不同的生存策略。亦可創藉由創造知覺效果，或是考量人格特質、工作壓力以及人口統計變項，達到使員工採行積極的工作策略模式。對於其它因應不同的組織風險知覺類型的生存策略，亦可藉此參考提供相關資源，支持倖存者的生存策略偏好。

Facing the challenge of global tough environment is a big trouble to business all over the world. How to take action and try best for cost down plan has been a trend for business to survive. This research defines “Organization Downsizing” as an action to reduce manpower and this way has become the favorite action of business. Even Japan, which was famous for insisting on hiring employees till retirement, has also put it into practice. It also caused great damage to Hsinchu Science Park definitely.
Most documents about the research of survivors’ reaction after layoff operation are focus at working related topic and the results are negative impact always. However, Cascio (1993) also found there have been increases in productivity in half the companies. Based on the international business research of Judge (1999), the factors about personality and working attitude will influence managers’ reaction when organization changes. Dubrin (1992) pointed out that response is an internal and external reaction from people through dealing process of some inner factors and comes from stimulation outside. This research takes “Organization Downsizing” as an external force which has great influence. It’s in order to study the relationship among survivors’ surviving strategy at the field of their job, family, friendship and staying alone when they have different types risk perception of Organization Downsizing.
This research is based on survivors in Hsinchu Science Park and studies their surviving strategy. And there are a significant relationship between survivors’ surviving strategy and different types risk perception of Organization Downsizing. Moreover, personality and the stress of work will interfere the survivors’ strategy selecting. It’s also echo to Judge’s research.
The results are as follows:
1. There is a significant relationship between different types of Organization Downsizing perception and survivors’ surviving strategy.
2. Quantity Load of job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s working strategy selecting.
3. Quantity Load of job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
4. Quality Load of job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s working strategy selecting.
5. Quality Load of job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
6. Positive Self-concept will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
7. Positive Self-concept will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s friendship running strategy selecting.
8. Positive Self-concept will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
9. Risk Tolerance will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
10. Risk Tolerance will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s friendship running strategy selecting.
11. Risk Tolerance will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
12. Gender will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s working strategy selecting.
13. Gender will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
14. Gender will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
15. To be only financial source in family or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s working strategy selecting.
16. To be only financial source in family or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s friendship running strategy selecting.
17. To be only financial source in family or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
18. Working years in currently job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
19. Working years in currently job will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
20. To be manager or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s family life strategy selecting.
21. To be manager or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s friendship running strategy selecting.
22. To be manager or not will interfere the relationship of Organization Downsizing risk perception and survivor’s alone releasing strategy selecting.
According to above conclusions, there are some suggestions for management: we should realize survivors will have different kind of surviving strategy at different kind of Organization Downsizing risk perception. Maybe we could conduct survivors to adopt aggressive working strategy by creating perception, considering different personality, the stress of work and the variances of population statistics, such as gender, marriage, financial burden, and working years. As for other surviving strategy, we could also take it for reference and support survivors’ preference.

目錄
中文提要 i
Abstract vi
誌謝 ix
目錄 x
圖目錄 xii
表目錄 xiv
第一章、緒論 1
1-1　研究動機 1
1-2　研究目的 3
1-3　研究問題 5
1-4　研究流程 6
1-5　研究背景 7
第二章、文獻探討 11
2-1　組織精簡 11
2-1-1　組織精簡的定義 11
2-1-2　組織精簡風險知覺程度 13
2-2　工作壓力 15
2-2-1　壓力的定義與理論 15
2-2-2　工作壓力的定義 18
2-3　人格特質 20
2-3-1　人格特質的定義 20
2-3-2　性格特質 22
2-4　倖存者生存策略 24
2-4-1　策略管理 24
2-4-2　因應策略的定義及理論 25
2-4-3　倖存者生存策略之研究 30
第三章、研究方法 34
3-1　研究架構 34
3-2　研究變數定義 35
3-3　研究假設 38
3-3-1　不同的組織精簡風險知覺類型與倖存者生存策略的關係 38
3-3-2　干擾變數 38
3-4　研究工具 42
3-4-1　組織精簡風險知覺程度 42
3-4-2　工作壓力 42
3-4-3　人格特質 42
3-4-4　倖存者生存策略 43
3-5　研究對象與資料分析方法 45
3-5-1　研究對象 45
3-5-2　資料分析方法 45
第四章、研究結果 46
4-1　敘述性統計分析 46
4-2　信度檢定 50
4-3　相關分析 52
4-4　變異數分析 53
第五章、結論與建議 87
5-1　研究結論 87
5-1-1　研究結果 87
5-2　管理實務之參考 90
5-3　研究限制及未來研究之方向 92
5-3-1　研究限制 92
5-3-2　未來研究之方向 93
參考文獻 94
附錄一：訪談內容 102
附錄二：問卷 108

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