臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於近年來使用了許多的資訊設備與電力電子轉換器，使得電力品質的問題日趨嚴重，其中因為諧波污染、負載不平衡等負載特性均會影響用戶功率因數量測值，本文以六種功率因數定義式，針對同一筆用戶負載量測資料計算其功率因數值，計算所得之六個值將因負載特性不同而有所差異。
隨著半導體的技術愈來愈成熟，SOC(System On a Chip)設計已是未來的趨勢，使所設計的系統晶片能達到功能強、體積小的目的，本文利用快速傅立葉轉換(FFT)為基礎來分析六種功率因數定義式，利用硬體描述語言(VHDL)及使用一些新式矽智財(IP core)如CORDIC core 和 FFT core在以由下而上的設計流程(Bottom-Up)建構整個模擬系統。最後在利用模擬與實測波形，來求取所需之實、虛與視在功率值，其平均誤差大約為0.2%左右。

The power quality is more and more serious, because a lot of information technology equipments and power electric convertors were used in recent years. Harmonic and load unbalance can affect the measurement result of power factor of utility. This paper used six formula for power factor measurement, and they will be different according to the characteristics of load. The technology of semiconductor was more and more maturative. Design of SOC (System On a Chip) is a trend to achieve the strong and small volume in the future. This paper used Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) to analyze the six formula of power factor. The simulation system was modeled in Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and some novel IP (intellectual property) cores, such as CORDIC core and FFT core by the way of Bottom-Up. The measurement data were employed to calculate active, reactive and apparent power. The average error rate of our design is about 0.2%.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………... I
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….. II
誌謝…………………………………………………………………….. III
目錄........................................................................................................... IV
圖表索引……………………………………………………………….. VI

第一章 緒論
1.1研究動機與背景……………………………………………. 1
1.2研究目的…………………………………………………… 2
1.3文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 3
1.4章節敘述…………………………………………………… 5

第二章 數位信號處理
2.1 連續時間信號之取樣……………………………………… 6
2.2 離散傅立葉級數…………………………………………… 9
2.3 離散傅立葉轉換…………………………………………… 10
2.4 快速傅立葉轉換…………………………………………… 11
2.4.1 分時FFT 演算法…………………………………... 12
2.4.2 分頻FFT 演算法…………………………………... 16

第三章 電力量與功率因數之定義
3.1單相系統功率因數…………………………………………. 20
3.2三相系統功率因數…………………………………………. 22
3.3平均功率因數定義…………………………………………. 26
3.4評估諧波污染及負載不平衡………………………………. 28
3.5功率因數物理意義…………………………………………. 29
3.5.1諧波及不平衡對視在功率之影響………………….. 29

第四章 數位積體電路與FPGA介紹
4.1數位積體電路設計簡介……………………………………. 33
4.2數位積體電路的分類………………………………………. 34
4.3 FPGA的簡介……………………………………………….. 37
4.4 FPGA的設計流程………………………………………….. 37
4.5 VHDL硬體描述語言簡介…………………………………. 44
4.5.1 VHDL的優點............................................................. 45
4.5.2 VHDL的基本架構..................................................... 46

第五章 功率因數計算之晶片設計與模擬測試
5.1程式設計流程......................................................................... 49
5.2 功率因數計算模組介紹........................................................ 49
5.2.1 FFT計算模組.............................................................. 51
5.2.2絕對值模組.................................................................. 51
5.2.3有效值模組.................................................................. 52
5.3 模擬波形資料結果分析........................................................ 53
5.3.1 諧波及不平衡對視在功率及功率因數的影響......... 54
5.4 實測波形資料結果分析........................................................ 73
5.5 結語........................................................................................ 77

第六章 結論
6.1結論…………………………………………………………. 78
6.2未來研究方向………………………………………………. 79

參考文獻…………………………………………………………….….. 80
作者簡介………………………………………………………………... 84

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