臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Building sector is one of the largest sources to make greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption around the globe. Being green, or sustainable, is critically challenging work of both constructional and architectural personnel. To assess how green, or sustainable, the building is, a variety of green building rating systems have been developed. However, designing one building which has capability to satisfy all criteria of two or more standards simultaneously is an extreme complicated work. This study presented a new general connection framework between the LEED standard of United States and the EEWH standard of Taiwan. By using the proposed framework, the architects and engineers may find several feasible design strategies based on both of LEED and EEWH rating systems. Energy conservation, one of the primary issues in any green building rating system, was specifically analyzed in this study. A LEED-based approximate function that can link to energy conservation index of the EEWH was established to estimate building energy usage as a whole. The result showed that the proposed approach has potential not only for reducing the design effort through a top-down methodology but also for finding an optimal alternative based on both of LEED and EEWH standards.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II
Abstract IV
Table of Contents V
List of Figures VIII
List of Tables X
Nomenclature XII
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Research scope and objectives 2
1.2.1 Research scope 2
1.2.2 Research objectives 3
1.3 Research assumption 4
1.4 Research outline 5
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Difficulty in comparing international assessment tools 7
2.2 The significance of energy conservation index 11
2.3 Building energy estimation methods 12
2.3.1 Classification of energy models 12
2.3.2 Regression-based models 12
2.3.3 Bin method 14
2.3.4 Artificial neural networks 15
2.3.5 Fourier series 16
2.3.6 Computer-based simulation program 17
2.3.7 Comparison and discussion 18
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 20
3.1 Introduction of LEED and EEWH standards 20
3.1.1 Green building rating system of United States - LEED 20
3.1.2 Green building rating system of Taiwan – EEWH 24
3.2 Framework Connection for LEED and EEWH 28
3.2.1 Comparison of both standards - LEED and EEWH 28
3.2.2 General connection framework of two standards 32
3.2.3 Code converting model for Building Energy Performance 33
3.3 Building Energy Simulation Program 40
3.3.1 Introduction eQUEST software 40
3.3.2 Structure of eQUEST 41
3.3.3 Input hierarchy 44
3.4 Experimental Design 47
3.5 Multiple Regression Analysis 51
Chapter 4 BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE 53
4.1 HVAC energy use 53
4.1.1 Introduction 53
4.1.2 Develop ENVLOAD model for LEED 57
4.1.3 Develop EFLH model 63
4.2 Lighting Energy Use 69
4.2.1 Introduction 69
4.2.2 Developing PCLight model 70
4.3 Equipment Energy Use 73
4.3.1 Introduction 73
4.3.2 Developing PCEq model 74
4.4 Building Energy Use 76
4.5 Coupling interaction between assessment index and power consumption 76
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION 80
5.1 Conclusion 80
5.2 Future Research Direction 81
References 83
Appendix A Simulation of ENVLOAD model 88
Appendix B Simulation of EFLH model 95

ABRI. (2009). "Evaluation Manual for Green Buildings in Taiwan". City: Ministry of Interior: Taiwan.
Adler, A., Armstrongs, J. E., Fuller, S. K., Kalin, M., Karolides, A., Macaluso, J., and Walker, H. A. (2006). Green building: Project planning and cost estimating: R.S. Means.
ASHRAE/ANSI. (2001). "ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals". City: Atlanta, GA, USA.
ASHRAE/ICC. (2009). "International Energy Conservation Code and ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 Energy Standard for Building Except Low-rise Residential Buildings". City: Atlanta, GA, USA.
Bowerman, B. L., and O’Connell, R. T. (1990). Linear Statistical Models: An Applied Approach: Duxbury Press.
Canter, N. (2009). "As the need for energy conservation increases, the importance of these fluids continues to grow." Tribology & Lubrication Technology, 65, 29-35.
Chan, P. (1994). Development of guidelines for energy efficient operation of fully air-conditioned building in HongKong, City Polytechic of HongKong, HongKong.
CIBSE. (1991). Application Manual 5: Energy Audits and Surveys, London: The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers.
Claridge, D. E. (1998). "A Perspective on Methods for Analysis of Measured Energy Data from Commercial Buildings." ASME Transactions, 120, 150-155.
Crawley, D. B., and Schliesing, J. S. (1992). Energy Requirements for Office Buildings. Gas Research Institute.
Dhar, A., Reddy, T. A., and Claridge, D. E. (1999). " A. Fourier, Series model to predict hourly heating and cooling energy use in commercial buildings with outdoor temperature as the only weather variable." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 121, 47–53.
Dixon, T. A., Colantonio, D., Shiers, R., Reed, S., and Wilkinson, P. (2008 ). "A Green Profession? A Global Survey of RICS Members and Their Engagement with the Sustainability Agenda." Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 26(6), 460–81.
Draper, N., and H.Smith. (1981). Applied Regression Analysis: New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Dubin, F. S., and Long, C. G. J. (1978). Energy Conservation Standards for Building Design, Construction and Operation: McGrall-Hill.
Ellison, L., and Sayce, S. (2007). "Assessing Sustainability in the Existing Commercial Property Stock: Establishing Sustainability Criteria Relevant for the Commercial Property Investment Sector." Property Management, 25(3), 287–304.
Harriman, L. G. (1999). "New Weather Data for Energy Calculation." ASHRAE Journal, 40, 31-38.
Haselbach, L. (2008). The engineering guide to LEED—New construction: Sustainable construction for engineers, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Huang, K.-T., and Lin, H.-T. (2005). "Design Standard of Energy Conservation for Building HVAC System – A Simplified Method of Chiller Cooling Capacity Estimation Base on Building Envelope Energy Conservation Index in Taiwan"Building Simulation. City: IBPSA: Montreal, Canada, 435-442.
Hui, S. C. M. (1997a). "A randomised approach to multiple regression analysis of building energy simulation"IBPSA Building Simulation Conference. City: International Building Performance Simulation Association: HongKong, 133-140.
Hui, S. C. M. (1997b). "Regression analysis of high-rise fully air-conditioned office buildings." ELSEVIER, 26, 189-197.
Katipamula S., and T.A. Reddy, C. D. E. (1998). "Multivariate Regression Modeling." ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 115, 177-184.
Kissock, J. K., Haberl, J. S., and Claridge, D. E. (2003). "Inverse Modeling Toolkit: Numerical Algorithms." ASHRAE Transactions, 109, 425-434.
Knebel, D. E. (1983). "Simplified Energy Analysis Using the Modified Bin Method". City: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers: Alanta, GA.
Knebel, D. E., and Silver, S. C. (1985). "Upgraded Documentation of the TC 4.7 Simplified Energy Analysis Procedure." ASHRAE Transactions, 91, 354-368.
Kreider, J. F., Claridge, D. E., Curtiss, P., Dodier, R., Haberl, J. S., and Krarti, M. (1995). "Building Energy Use Prediction and System Identification Using Recurrent Neural Networks." ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 117, 161-166.
Kreider, J. F., and Wang, X. A. (1992). "Improved Artificial Neural Networks for Commercial Building Energy Use Prediction"Proceedings of the ASME-JSES-KSES International Solar Energy Conference. City: Maui, HI, 361-366.
Lin, H.-T., and Wang, J.-C. (2003). "The design index of building energy conservation and CAD program BEEP in Taiwan"Building Simulation. City: IBPSA: Eindhoven, Netherlands, 737-744.
Myers, G., Reed, R. G., and Robinson, J. (2008). "Sustainable Property—The future of the New Zealand Market." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 14(3), 298–321.
Ooka, R., and Komamura, K. (2009). "Optimal design method for building energy systems using genetic algorithms." Building and Environment, 44(7), 1538-1544.
Pope, D. C. (1987). "A spreadsheet bin method for modeling HVAC savings." Energy Engineering, 4-16.
Reddy.T.A., Saman, N. F., Claridge, D. E., Haberl, J. S., Turner, W. D., and Chalifoux, A. (1997). "Baselining Methodology for Facility-Level Monthly Energy Use." ASHRAE Transactions, 103.
Reed, R., Bilos, A., Wilkinson, S., and Schulte, K.-W. (2009). "International Comparison of Sustainable Rating Tools." Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, 1, 1-22.
Roaf, S., Hancock, M., and . (1992). Energy Efficient Building: a Design Guide: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Rosenfeld, A. H., and Hafemeister, D. (1988). " Energy-efficient buildings."Scientific American. City: New York, 58-63.
Sullivan, R., Nozari, S., Johnson, R., and Selkowitz, S. (1985). "Commercial Building Energy Performance Analysis Using Multiple Regression." ASHRAE Transactions, 91, 337-353.
USGBC. (2005). "LEED 2005 for New Construction and Major Renovation Rating System". City: Washington, DC.
Wang, W. M., Zmeureanu, R., and Rivard, H. (2005). "Applying multi-objective genetic algorithms in green building design optimization." Building and Environment, 40(11), 1512-1525.
Wu, P., and Low, S. P. (2010). "Project Management and Green Buildings: Lessons from the Rating Systems." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 136(2), 64-70.