臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文探討以混凝-沉澱及模型廠操作對淨水廠快濾池反沖洗廢水（Backwash water）處理之影響。研究內容包括對淨水廠快濾池反沖洗廢水特性進行瞭解，以單獨鋁鹽混凝劑、多元氯化鋁搭配高分子絮凝劑混凝沉澱處理；以模型廠（Pilot-plant）評估反沖洗廢水回流之效果。
測試結果顯示反沖洗廢水中懸浮固體沉降性良好，使用多元氯化鋁及明礬為混凝劑進行瓶杯試驗，則可以獲得更佳之濁度去除效率，其中又以多元氯化鋁混凝劑的效果較好。採用多元氯化鋁與高分子絮凝劑搭配混凝，亦可加強對反沖洗廢水中濁度的去除，並可降低混凝劑的使用量；對於所使用之高分子絮凝劑，以幾丁聚醣（Chitosan）搭配多元氯化鋁的效果較為顯著。
在反沖洗廢水回流評估中，首先我們以配置固定比例之混合水透過瓶杯試驗研究，結果顯示回流並未明顯影響濁度去除效率；此外，由長興及雙溪模型廠實驗的結果顯示，我們亦驗證回流反沖洗廢水並未造成整體處理程序之負面衝擊。

The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment and recycle of the backwash water. The coagulation efficiency of backwash water resulting from Chang-Hsing and Swan-Sea were compared. The characteristics of backwash water of Chang-Hsing Water Treatment Plant varied considerably among samples taken at different times, while those of Swan-Sea did not. The use of polyaluminum chloride（PACl）and alum both could yield satisfactory turbidity removal. The addition of polymers, such as chitosan and Cat-Floc reduced the dosage of PACl required to achieve effective coagulation-flocculation.
In study of backwash water mixed with raw water by certain ratio through jat test. Results revealed that backwash water recycling did not deteriorate the treated water quality.
In pilot study in Chang-Hsing Water Treatment Plant, two recycling mode were selected: intermittent recycling mode（10 min for each hour）at a ratio of 1:7, and the continuous recycling mode at a ratio of 1:42. Results showed that the intermittent recycling mode had less chance to affect the effluent quality than the continuous recycling mode. In addition, two important parameters were studied, namely: backwash water recycle ratio（4, 6 and 8%）, and backwash water type（direct recycle, 3-min pre-sedimentation, and 10-min pre-sedimentation）in pilot study of Swan-Sea.

摘要…………….…………………………………………………….......I
Abstract……………….……………………………………………….…II
致謝…………….…………………………………………………….....III
目錄…………….…………………………………………………..... ...IV
圖目錄………….……………………………………….……...........…VII
表目錄………………………………………………….……………….XI
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1.1 研究缘起 1
1.1.2 研究目的 1
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 3
2.1 反沖洗廢水…………………… …………………………3
2.1.1 反沖洗廢水來源 3
2.1.2 反沖洗廢水現狀 3
2.1.3 反沖洗廢水特性與重要性 5
2.2 預沉澱及直接回流 6
2.2.1 預沉澱 6
2.2.2 直接回流方式 6
2.3 化學混凝沉澱 8
2.3.1 混凝作用 8
2.3.2 高分子絮凝劑 9
2.3.3 反沖洗廢水之混凝處理 11
2.4 薄膜處理 12
2.5 溶解空氣浮除 14
第三章 實驗設備與方法 15
3.1 實驗水樣…………………… …………………………15
3.1.1 長興淨水場快濾池反沖洗廢水 15
3.1.2 雙溪淨水場快濾池反沖洗廢水 16
3.1.3 模型廠水樣來源 19
3.2 實驗藥品 19
3.3 實驗設備與裝置 21
3.3.1 長興模型廠裝置 22
3.3.2 雙溪模型廠裝置 25
3.4 實驗項目與步驟 28
3.4.1 反沖洗廢水水樣基本性質分析 28
3.4.2 混凝-沉澱實驗 28
3.4.3 模型廠實驗 29
3.4.3.1 長興模型廠 29
3.4.3.2 雙溪模型廠 30
3.5 反沖洗廢水特性分析方法 31
3.5.1 總固體濃度分析 31
3.5.2 總懸浮固體濃度分析 32
3.5.3 總固定固體濃度分析 33
3.5.4 總溶解性固體及總揮發性固體濃度分析 33
3.5.5 .UV-VIS光譜分析 34
3.5.6 粒徑分佈分析 34
3.5.7 總溶解有機碳分析 35
3.5.8 .水中鹼度檢測方法－滴定法 36
3.5.9 溶解性化學需氧量測定 36
3.6 其他試驗分析 37
3.6.1 殘餘濁度分析 37
3.6.2 界達電位分析 38
3.6.3 碎形維度 38
第四章 實驗結果與討論 39
4.1 反沖洗廢水基本性質探討 40
4.1.1 長興場反沖洗廢水 40
4.1.2 雙溪場反沖洗廢水 46
4.2 混凝-沉澱試驗 51
4.2.1 長興反沖洗廢水加藥混凝 51
4.2.2 雙溪反沖洗廢水加藥混凝 64
4.3 反沖洗廢水與原水混合之回流模擬試驗 75
4.3.1 長興反沖洗廢水與原水混合 75
4.3.1.1 混凝沉澱 76
4.3.1.2 膠羽粒徑與碎形維度 81
4.3.2 雙溪反沖洗廢水與原水混合 85
4.4 模型廠操作實驗 93
4.4.1長興模型廠 93
4.4.1.1 連續式一階段加藥程序 93
4.4.1.2 長興反沖洗廢水回流程序 96
4.4.2 雙溪模型廠 106
4.4.2.1 雙溪模型廠回流程序 106
4.4.2.2 雙溪模型廠數據統計分析 116
第五章 結論與建議 121
參考文獻 …………………………………………...…………….…...123
附錄A …….………………………………………...…………….…...131
作者簡介 ………………………………………………....…………...140

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