臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在這篇論文中，我們主要探討在Zigbee網路使用群播的應用。在無線感測網路裡，群播是一個很有效率的一對多傳送資料的方法，而許多群播的方法也被廣泛的討論在不同的網路環境下。然而，Zigbee網路是一個具有低速率、低消耗功率特徵的感測網路，許多的群播機制並不適合在這一類的網路中使用，例如：ODMRP需要source不斷的發出Join Request以及Receiver需要廣播回傳Join Reply的封包來維持forwarding group的狀態；MAODV維持一個Multicast樹狀的結構來傳遞封包，而當這個樹狀的路徑斷掉了，需要花費相當的overhead來做維護的動作。另外，Group leader也要不斷的發送Group Hello來維持Multicast樹的完整。而這些的缺點都使得群播的機制在Zigbee網路中的效能大打折扣。
在這裡我們利用Zigbee網路的特性，如網路一開始對所有節點形成的邏輯樹狀架構，提出一個傳送節點選擇的演算法，使其在不建立Multicast路由路徑下，省下建立路由路徑所花的成本，並利用Multi-destination與stateless的觀念，達到傳送封包的目的。

In this thesis, we focus on the multicast in Zigbee network. The multicast is a useful operation that facilitates group communication in WSN (wireless sensor network). Many kinds of methods for multicasting are discussed in different kinds of network environments. The Zigbee network, however, is characterized as low data rate and low cost. Many of the multicast methods are not suitable for this kind of sensor network. For example, in the ODMRP the source need periodically send Join Request and receivers need rebroadcast Join Table back to the source to maintain the forwarding group state; in the MAODV need to maintain a multicast tree to use to forward packet. If the tree link is broken, then it takes much more effort to rebuild the multicast tree. On the other side, group leader also need to periodically broadcast the group hello message to hold the network entirely. All these disadvantages will reduce the multicast performance in Zigbee network.

Here, we use the characteristic of Zigbee network, like the logical tree structure when network build up and propose the forwarding group selection algorithm on it. This algorithm will reduce the overhead of routing information to build in multicast. We also use the multi-destination and stateless idea to reach the goal of multicast transmission.

摘要........II
Abstract........III
第一章 緒論........1
1-1背景........1
1-2論文目標........5
1-3 論文架構.........6
第二章 相關研究.........7
2-1 MANET 網路群播路由協定之分類.........7
2-1-1群播路由發動方式.........8
2-1-2 群播路由拓樸型態........10
2-1-3群播路由拓樸維護的方式.......10
2-2 MANET上的群播路由機制........11
2-2-1 MAODV.......11
2-2-2 ODMRP.......12
2-2-3 DDM.......13
2-3總結.......15
第三章 Zigbee背景......17
3-1 IEEE 802.15.4.......17
3-2 Zigbee邏輯樹拓樸.......19
第四章 Zigbee群播演算法.......23
4-1 Zigbee傳送節點選擇........25
4-2 包含到所有群播成員之證明......29
4-3無循環傳送之證明........30
第五章 效能評估與模擬結果........33
5-1 模擬參數及環境設定.......33
5-2 傳遞節點的數目與傳送節點的成本花費......35
5-3 Transmission Range的影響........36
5-4 Zigbee邏輯樹狀改變的影響......39
第六章 群播成員初始階段與邏輯樹狀結構改變之機制......42
6-1 群播成員加入之階段.......42
6-2 Zigbee邏輯樹狀結構之重建......43
第七章 結論與未來展望.......45
重要參考文獻.......46

[1]http://www.zigbee.org
[2]IEEE Standard 802.15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), 2003.
[3]ZigBee Alliance, Network Specification, Version 1.1, Dec. 2006.
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[10]S. Ni, Y. Tsing, Y. Chen, and J. Sheu, “The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network,” Proceedings Eighth ACM Int’l Conference Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), 1999.
[11]C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing,” IETF lnternet Draft, draft-ietf-manet-aodv-O~.txt, November 1998.
[12]E. Royer and C. Perkins, “Multicast Operation of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol,” Proceedings ACM Mobicom '99 Conference, August 1999, pp. 207-218.
[13]K. Viswanath, K. Obraczka, and G. Tsudik, “Exploring mesh and tree-based multicast routing protocols for manets,” IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, 5(1), 2006.