臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本文旨在分析及設計永磁式同步電動機，並回授轉速發電機之端電壓經過數位信號處理器，提供三相永磁式同步電動機磁場角位置及轉速估測。在電動機分析及設計方面，採用有限元素電磁場解析套裝軟體Maxwell 2D分析永磁式同步電動機之磁飽和曲線、磁路結構及磁通密度分布等磁路特性和感應電動勢、電樞反應及交、直軸電感等電氣特性作分析。文中將轉子的磁石利用二只各一半積厚的磁石且磁石位移相位角，近似轉子斜槽以消除三相永磁式同步電動機之頓轉轉矩，並以此規格及尺寸製作電動機。本文已建立永磁式同步電動機於轉子同步旋轉座標系統之交、直軸動態模型，並完成具有轉速及磁場角位置估測之轉速與電流閉迴路控制。
　　本文採用德州儀器公司所生產之數位信號處理器TMS320F2808作為整體系統之控制核心，由軟體程式實現控制，完成三相永磁式同步電動機之轉速、電流閉迴路控制。本文已完成12槽14極之永磁式同步電動機製作，其感應電動勢與轉速呈線性關係，且感應電動勢電壓總諧波失真率為1.03 %，與設計值0.95 %相接近，驗證軟體之準確性。本文已建立轉速為200 rpm、輸出轉矩5 N-m及輸出功率100 W之永磁式同步電動機驅動器，利用轉速發電機及霍爾元件回授之訊號，當轉速低於50 rpm時，用霍爾偵測電路透過數位信號處理器之數位輸入腳接收信號估測磁極初始角位置；轉速高於50 rpm時，可回授轉速發電機之端電壓經過數位信號處理器作運算，提供三相永磁式同步電動機磁極角位置估測及轉速估測之轉速與電流閉迴路控制，其電流總諧波失真率為2.84%，驗證轉速發電機及霍爾信號偵測元件於永磁式同步電動機之磁場角位置及轉速估測時之正確性。

　　This thesis is concerned with the design and speed control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors. An auxiliary generator is used to estimate rotor position and speed to facilitate speed and torque controls. The flux analysis software Maxwell 2D is used to analyze characteristics of flux density distribution, cogging and pulsation torques, equivalent rotor flux linkage, quadrature- and direct-axis inductances, and no-load induced voltage of the designed motor. Besides, the phase-shift, half-thickness interior permanent-magnet embedded in oblique slot of rotor is implemented to yield less torque fluctuation and current ripple. The quadrature and direct-axis dynamic models of the motor in rotor frame are derived to facilitate the speed and current closed-loop control using rotor flux orientation as well as the measurement of motor parameters.
　　In this thesis, the digital signal processor TMS320F2808 is used for the speed and current closed-loop controls as well as the system integration of the three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The control of motor and inverter is accomplished by software for cost reduction. The implementation of the 14-pole , 12-slot permanent-magnet synchronous motor with the linear relationship between the peak electromotive-force and speed is also given. The electromotive-force harmonic distortion measured is 1.03 %, which agrees with the analytic result of 0.95% and thus validates the software accuracy. A prototype of inverter for permanent-magnet synchronous motor with 100 W, 200 rpm, 5 N-m torque output is developed. Specifically, Hall-effect sensors are applied as rotor position feedback when rotor speed is lower than 50 rpm, whereas the auxiliary generator is given when rotor speed is greater than 50 rpm. The current harmonic distortion measured is 2.84 %, which justifies the analysis.

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌　　謝 III
目　　錄 IV
符號說明 VI
圖表索引 X
第一章 緒論 1
　　1.1 研究動機與目的 1
　　1.2 文獻探討 2
　　1.3 系統架構與本文特色 3
　　1.4 本文大綱 4
第二章 永磁式同步電動機之分析及設計 5
　　2.1 前言. 5
　　2.2 小型永磁式同步電動機之設計 6
　　　　2.2.1 定子與轉子幾何結構的選擇 9
　　　　2.2.2 永磁材料及鐵心材料的選用 10
　　　　2.2.3 永磁式同步電動機之繞組接線 12
　　2.3 小型永磁式同步電動機之分析 17
　　　　2.3.1 永磁式同步電動機之感應電動勢分析 19
　　　　2.3.2 磁路特性分析 23
　　　　2.3.3 頓轉轉矩分析 25
　　2.4 小型永磁式同步電動機參數之量測 26
　　　　2.4.1 永磁式同步電動機之感應電動勢的量測 27
　　　　2.4.2 轉子等效磁通鏈 的量測 29
　　　　2.4.3 交、直軸電感的量測 30
　　　　2.4.4 永磁式同步電動機性能評估 32
　　2.5 結語 32
第三章 永磁式同步電動機之轉速控制策略 33
　　3.1 前言 33
　　3.2 永磁式同步電動機數學模型建立 33
　　3.3 轉速及位置偵測裝置 37
　　3.4 永磁式同步電動機之電流閉迴路控制 43
　　3.5 轉速及磁場角位置估測之轉速與電流閉迴路控制 45
　　3.6 結語 46
第四章 實體製作與實測 48
　　4.1 前言 48
　　4.2 數位信號處理器介面電路 48
　　4.3 電流及電壓回授電路 51
　　　　4.3.1 電流回授電路 51
　　　　4.3.2 電壓回授電路 52
　　　　4.3.3 直流鏈電壓回授電路 52
　　4.4 軟體規劃 54
　　　　4.4.1 主程式流程規劃 54
　　　　4.4.2 電流閉迴路控制軟體規劃 56
　　　　4.4.3 轉速及磁場角位置估測之轉速閉迴路控制軟體規劃 57
　　4.5 實測結果 60
　　4.6 結語 70
第五章 結論與建議 72
　　5.1 結論 72
　　5.2 建議 73
參考文獻 74
附錄　A 78
作者簡介 79

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