臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鐵芯為傳統比流器不可缺少的主要結構，除本身磁能轉換外，亦可隔絕外在磁場的干擾，且不受待測物體幾何形狀的影響。但鐵芯在故障發生時的飽和問題將造成電流的誤判斷，進而危及電力系統的穩定度及可靠度，且鐵芯龐大的體積，更侷限了電力保護系統的發展及應用。
本論文提出一個新的電流量測技術，稱作新型無鐵芯式霍爾比流器。其在無使用鐵芯環繞導線的環境下，設計使用霍爾感測器採角度對稱分佈的方式直接貼附在電力纜線上，以取霍爾電壓平均值的方式消除磁場非均勻分佈的問題。模擬及實測的結果皆證明能有效的降低外在磁場的干擾及待測導線非長直導線所造成磁場不對稱的問題。在無鐵芯輔助的環境下，一樣可達到傳統比流器的準確等級，且在故障發生時，更無傳統比流器飽和的問題存在。本論文亦針對IEC standard 60044-8 電子式比流器規範進行電流準確等級試驗，結果證明新型無鐵芯式霍爾比流器在計測用可達準確等級1.0，而如為保護用則可達準確等級5P18。

Iron cores are a necessary component of traditional current transformers (CTs) because in addition to transforming a magnetic field into electricity, iron cores can also help currents to be measured accurately by eliminating the effects of the geometric shape of the measured objects. When a fault occurs in a power system, the fault currents usually contain large direct current offsets, and therefore may cause saturation of the CT iron cores. This saturation phenomenon will cause distortion of current waveforms in the secondary windings, resulting in false responses in current measurement and protective systems. These problems, therefore, severely affect the safety and reliability of power systems. Furthermore, the bulkiness of traditional CTs, create extra restrictions on the development of smart grid.
In this research, a new method for performing current measurement is proposed; this method involves the use of Hall sensors without iron cores, called a coreless Hall effect current transformer (HCT). Hall sensors are symmetrically attached to the conducting cable. The HCT calculates the average Hall voltages generated by Hall sensors; thus, it can eliminate the problems of asymmetrical magnetic fields. The simulation and measurement results show that the HCT can effectively eliminate the ambient interference and the effects caused by electric cables not being infinitely long straight conductors. The accuracy class of the current measurements using HCTs without iron cores is as good as that obtained using traditional CTs. Moreover, in the presence of faults, HCTs do not encounter problems related to saturation that exist in traditional CTs. According to IEC standard 60044-8, the proposed method can achieve the accuracy class 1.0 for measuring CTs, and the accuracy class 5P18 for protective CTs.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………...….i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………...ii
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………..iii
目錄…………………………………………………………………………..iv
圖表索引…………………………………………………………………….vii
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………….………1
1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………………2
1.3 章節概述……………………………………………………………2
第二章 霍爾感測器介紹與無鐵芯式霍爾比流器輸出特性探討………….4
2.1 前言…………………………………………………………………4
2.2 霍爾感測器原理及特性……………………………………………4
2.2.1 霍爾效應…………………………………………………….4
2.2.2 霍爾感測器特性…………………………………………….5
2.2.3霍爾感測器基材選用………………………………………...6
2.3 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器輸出特性……………………………………9
2.3.1 霍爾感測器A1301規格……………………………………9
2.3.2 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器輸出特性…………………………...12
第三章 比流器標準規範……………………………………………….......14
3.1 前言………………………………………………………………..14
3.2 傳統比流器標準規範………………………………………..……14
3.3 電子式比流器標準規範……………………………………..……17
第四章 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器之原理及架構……………………………...21
4.1 前言………………………………………………………………..21
4.2 磁場源分析及模擬………………………………………………..21
4.2.1 單顆霍爾感測器…………………………………………...21
4.2.2 多顆霍爾感測器………………………………………...…23
4.3 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器之原理……………………………………..27
4.4 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器之架構……………………………………..29
4.5 非長直導線磁場推導……………………………………………..30
第五章 模擬結果與討論…………………………………………………...32
5.1 前言………………………………………………………………..32
5.2 外在環境干擾的自我抵消………………………………………..32
5.2.1相間距離d問題……………………………………….…….32
5.2.2 三相不平衡電流問題……………………………………...35
5.2.3 無鐵心式霍爾比流器的擺放角度θ問題…………………38
5.3 待測非長直纜線的自我補償……………………………………..39
5.3.1 纜線的非長直導線問題…………………………..……….39
5.3.2 纜線截面的非對稱問題…………………………………...41
5.3.3 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器的擺放問題 ………………………...43
5.4 無鐵芯式霍爾比流器應用於氣封絕緣開關設備內的電流量測模
擬分析…………………………………………………………….44
5.4.1 氣封絕緣開關設備簡介……………………………….......44
5.4.2 變電所之三相不平衡電流問題…………………………...45
5.4.3 故障電流問題……………………………………………...54
第六章 試驗電路及量測系統架構規劃…………………………………...57
6.1 前言………………………………………………………………..57
6.2 試驗電路架構規劃………………………………………………..57
6.2.1 三相不平衡與纜線排列試驗電路………………………...57
6.2.2 三相接地故障試驗電路…………………………………...58
6.2.3 非長直纜線試驗電路………………………………….…..60
6.3 量測系統架構規劃………………………………………………..62
第七章 測試結果與討論…………………………………………………...63
7.1 前言………………………………………………………………..63
7.2 外在環境干擾的自我抵消……………………………………..…63
7.2.1 三相不平衡電流干擾問題………………………………...63
7.2.2 三相纜線不同排列問題……………………………...……67
7.2.3 故障電流問題……………………………………………...69
7.3 待測非長直纜線的自我補償……………………………………..71
7.3.1非長直纜線彎曲程度及無鐵芯式霍爾比流器擺放角度問題...........................................................................................71
第八章 結論與未來展望…..……………………………………………….82
8.1 結論………………………………………………………………..82
8.2 未來展望…………………………………………………………..83
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….85
作者簡介…………………………………………………………………….89

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