臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

This research explores the life of coffee-pickers in the Northern Region of Nicaragua.
This group is an important workforce for the agricultural industry in Nicaragua, which is the
main industry of the country’s economy. The focal point is their life experience as migrant labor
being the primary research purpose is to provide an in-depth explanation about the labor
migration phenomenon that is given during the coffee harvesting in Nicaragua. The reasons why
these labors migrate, how is the migration experience and what are difficulties of the process,
were explored. For the migration process, the pull and push theory was used as theoretical
framework to analyze the influence it has on the coffee-pickers decisions to migrate. Notable
challenges faced by these migrant labors as employees have been identified therefore the
compliance of the labor employment practices code laws as well as the coffee harvesting
employment regulations from the employers side were investigated, issues such as salary
compliance, child labor in the workplace, accommodation, health security have been addressed.
Qualitative techniques are the main method of inquiry; previous observation has been conducted
by the researcher. For data collection the triangulation method has been used in order to gather
different perspectives about this issue from three important sources. 10 experts and 6 employers
have been in depth interviewed to collect data about coffee pickers’ migration process. In order
to collect data from the 50 employees’ that were part of sample, a structured interview was
conducted. The review of documentation has also been a vital source of information that helped
the researcher to have a better understanding of the research topic and about this particular
workforce. The results obtained have direct implications on the public sector and the role it plays
in the coffee production, as well on the employers and their management of migrant workers and
finally and most important for employees as an opportunity to express their satisfaction as coffee
pickers and the law compliance from the employers.

This research explores the life of coffee-pickers in the Northern Region of Nicaragua.
This group is an important workforce for the agricultural industry in Nicaragua, which is the
main industry of the country’s economy. The focal point is their life experience as migrant labor
being the primary research purpose is to provide an in-depth explanation about the labor
migration phenomenon that is given during the coffee harvesting in Nicaragua. The reasons why
these labors migrate, how is the migration experience and what are difficulties of the process,
were explored. For the migration process, the pull and push theory was used as theoretical
framework to analyze the influence it has on the coffee-pickers decisions to migrate. Notable
challenges faced by these migrant labors as employees have been identified therefore the
compliance of the labor employment practices code laws as well as the coffee harvesting
employment regulations from the employers side were investigated, issues such as salary
compliance, child labor in the workplace, accommodation, health security have been addressed.
Qualitative techniques are the main method of inquiry; previous observation has been conducted
by the researcher. For data collection the triangulation method has been used in order to gather
different perspectives about this issue from three important sources. 10 experts and 6 employers
have been in depth interviewed to collect data about coffee pickers’ migration process. In order
to collect data from the 50 employees’ that were part of sample, a structured interview was
conducted. The review of documentation has also been a vital source of information that helped
the researcher to have a better understanding of the research topic and about this particular
workforce. The results obtained have direct implications on the public sector and the role it plays
in the coffee production, as well on the employers and their management of migrant workers and
finally and most important for employees as an opportunity to express their satisfaction as coffee
pickers and the law compliance from the employers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………..………I
Table of contents…………………………………………………………………..…..…II
List of tables……………………………………………………………………….…….IV
List of figures……………………………………………………………………….….....V
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………………………………………….………..1
Background of the Study………………………………………………………….……1
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….………...4
Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………….………......6
Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….6
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………..……..7
Definitions of Terms……………………………………………………………..….…7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW……………...………………………......9
Push and Pull Migration Theory………………………………………………….........9
Seasonal Migrant Labor …………………………………………………………..….11
Coffee Harvest Season………………………………………………….…………….14
Nicaragua Employment practices code: relevant articles for coffee-pickers….….…. 18
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS………………………….……....…….29
Research Approach………………………………………………………….…….….29
Research Framework………………………………………………………………….30
Research Participants…………………………………………………………………31
Data Collection………………………………………………………………………..33
Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………....34
Research Procedure…………………………………………………………………...35
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS ………………………….…37
Employees perspective……………………………………………………...…………37
Migration motivations…………………………………………………………..……..48
Migration …………………………………………………………………………...…51
Migration difficulties……………………………………………………………….....55
Migration Consequences……………………………………………………………....59

Law Compliance…………………………………………………………………..…..64
Other findings…………………………………………………………………….…...76
Discussions…………………………………………………………………………....77
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……………..………..83
Research implications……………………………………………………………...…..85
Research Limitations…………………………………………………..……………...87
Suggestions for further study……………………………………………… ………..88
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………...89
APPENDIX A: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS……………..………………...…....93
APPENDIX B: STRUCTURED INTERVIEW……………………………….....97
APPENDIX C : THEMATIC CODING ……..…………………………….........105
APPENDIX D : IMAGES ……………………………………………………….....111

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Push and Pull Factors………………………………………………………….9
Table 4.1 Migration Data…………………………………………………………….….8
Table 4.2 Migration Process……………………………………………………………..40
Table 4.3 Children presence in coffee farms ………………………………………...….42
Table 4.4 Employees’ satisfaction……………………………………………………….45
Table 4.5 Migration motivations…………………………………………………………48
Table 4.6 Perceptions about migration…………………………………………………..52
Table 4.7 Migration difficulties……………………………………...…………………..56
Table 4.8 Migration consequences…………...………………………………………….59
Table 4.9 Law compliance…......………………………………………………………..64
Table 4.10 Benefits for the employee………………………………...…………….80

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Push and Pull Migration Process………………………………………….10
Figure 3.1 Research Framework…………………………………………………...….30
Figure 3.2 Triangulation research participants……………………..……32
Figure 3.3 Research Procedure……………………………………………………….36
Figure 5.1 Reasons why coffee pickers move………………………………………..85

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